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κραυγὴ καὶ θ

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1 κραυγή

κραυγή

Grammatical information: f.

Meaning: `cry, loud crying' (Att.).

Derivatives: κραυγίας ἵππος, ὁ ὑπὸ κραυγῆς καὶ ψόφου ταρασσόμενος H. and κραυγός δρυοκολάπτου εἶδος H. Denomin. κραυγάζω `cry, crack' (unknown poet ap. Pl. R. 607b, D., hell.) with κραυγασμός `crying' (Diph.), - αστής `cryer' (AB), - άστρια f. (H.), - αστικός `crying' (Procl., sch.). Also κραύγασος `cryer' (Gloss.; Schwyzer 516, Chantraine Formation 435) with Κραυγασίδης (Batr.), κραύγαζος (Ptol.). - Other formation κραυγανάομαι in κραυγανώμενον (Hdt. 1, 111; v. l. - γόμενον; cf. Schwyzer 770); uncertain sch. Call. Aet. Fr. 1, 20. - Further the PN Κραῦγις, Κραυξίδας, Κραυγαλίδαι (Bechtel Hist. Personennamen 496).

Origin: IE [Indo-European]X [probably] [571] * krau-k- `cry'

Etymology: With κραυγ-ή, which as nomen actionis could point to a primary verb, agree in Germanic and Balto-Slavic several forms. With κραυγός OWNo. hraukr `searaven' could be directly equated (Fick KZ 43, 144; rejected by Falk-Torp Wb. s. raage II). Besides with ablauting ū Goth. hrūk acc. sg. `crowing' and hrūkjan `to crow' (would be Gr. *κρυγέω; [not to κορύγης κῆρυξ. Δωριεῖς H.; s.v. κῆρυξ]; Fick l.c.). Final tenuis is seen in Lith. kraukiù, kraũkti `screech', Slav., e.g. Russ. kruk `raven' (IE * krauk-os). Note further, with palatal final, Skt. króśati = Av. xraosaiti `screem, cry'. - As in comparable κράζω, κρώζω, κραυγή is based on an old soundimitation. Pok. 571, Vasmer Russ. et. Wb. s. kruk, Feist Vgl. Wb. d. got. Spr. s. hruk, W.-Hofmann s. cornīx.

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Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κραυγή
2 κραυγή

κραυγή, ῆς, ἡ (s. prec. entry; Eur., X. et al.; Vett. Val. 2, 35; PPetr II, 45 III, 25 [246 B.C.]; POxy 1242 III, 54; PTebt 15, 3; LXX; En 104:3; PsSol 1:2; TestJob 33:2; EpArist; Joseph.; Ath. 11:1).

① a loud cry or call, shout lit.

ⓐ shout(ing), clamor of excited persons Eph 4:31. Of people shouting back and forth in a quarrel: ἐγένετο κ. μεγάλη there arose a loud outcry Ac 23:9 (cp. Ex 12:30; without μεγ. X., Cyr. 7, 5, 28). Of people who incite one another to enjoy a spectacle AcPl Ha 4, 6.

ⓑ a loud (articulate) cry κ. γέγονεν w. direct discourse foll. there arose a shout Mt 25:6 (EGrässer, D. Problem der Parousieverzögerung, ZNW Beih. 22, ’57, 124f). ἀνεφώνησεν κραυγῇ μεγάλῃ καὶ εἶπεν w. direct discourse foll. Lk 1:42; cp. Rv 14:18 v.l. Of fervent prayer (Ps 17:7; 101:2; Jon 2:3) μετὰ κ. ἰσχυρᾶς with loud crying Hb 5:7 (cp. Diod S 19, 83, 3 and Ath. 11:1 μετὰ πολλῆς κραυγῆς—μετὰ κ. as Diod S 11, 36, 1; Nicol. Dam.: 90, Fgm. 130, 25 p. 409, 20 Jac.; UPZ 8, 17 [161 B.C.]; EpArist 186; Jos., Bell. 2, 517). ἀκουσθῆναι ἐν κ. τὴν φωνὴν ὑμῶν so that your voice is heard in loud cries B 3:1 (Is 58:4).—τρία μυστήρια κραυγῆς, ἅτινα ἐν ἡσυχίᾳ θεοῦ ἐπράχθη three mysteries (to be) loudly acclaimed, which were quietly accomplished by God IEph 19:1. The three ‘mysteries’ are the virginity of Mary, her childbearing, and the death of Jesus. In contrast to God’s quiet performance, Ign appears to have in mind their public proclamation in a cultic setting as part of the divine design, with a responsory cry of acclamation. Others interpret κ. here as the proclamation itself.

② outcry in grief or anxiety, wailing, crying (cp. Ex 3:7; 11:6; Esth 4:3; Is 65:19; TestJob 33:2) Rv 21:4.—DELG. M-M. TW.

Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > κραυγή
3 κραυγή

κραυγή, ἡ (vgl. κράζω), das Geschrei; κραυγὴν ἔϑηκας, στῆσαι, Eur. Or. 150. 1529; ποιεῖν, schreien, Xen. Cyr. 3, 1, 2; κραυγὴν καὶ ϑόρυβον ἐποίουν Dem. 54, 5; Sp.

Griechisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch > κραυγή
4 θόρυβος

θόρῠβ-ος, ὁ,

A noise, esp. the confused noise of a crowded assembly, uproar, clamour, Pi.O.10(11).72, Th.8.92, etc.; θόρυβος βοῆς a confused clamour, S.Ph. 1263; θ. στρατιωτῶν Ar.Ach. 546
; θ. Πυκνίτης Com.Adesp.45D.
; θ. παρέχειν ἐν ταῖς βουλαῖς καὶ ἐν ταῖς ἐκκλησίαις OGI48.9
(Ptolemais, iii B.C.); less freq. of an individual, E.Or. 905; of animals, θόρυβον δ' οὐκ ἐφίλησαν ὄνων Call.Aet.Oxy.2079.30
.

2 esp. in token of approbation or the contrary, Pl.R. 492b, 492c:

a applause, θ. Ληναΐτης Ar.Eq. 547
; θ. καὶ ἔπαινος Pl.Prt. 339d
, D.19.195; θόρυβον καὶ κρότον ἐποιήσατε Id.21.14
.

b groans, murmurs, And.2.15; μεγάλοι θόρυβοι κατ έχουσ' ἡμᾶς great murmurs are abroad among us, S.Aj. 142(anap.).

II tumult, confusion, θ. παρασχεῖν τινι Hdt.7.181
; ἐς θ. ἀπικέσθαι, καταστῆναι, Id.8.56, Th.4.104; ἐγένετο ὁ θ. μέγας, in a battle, ib.14; κραυγὴ καὶ θ. Phld.Hom.p.22 O.: pl., θ. ὀχλώδεις καὶ παροινίαι Men.Mon. 239
.

2 confusion of mind, θορύβους ἐνθυμηματικοὺς καὶ ἀποφθεγματικοὺς παρασκευάζειν Epicur. Nat.14.9
; ὁ παρὰ κακὰς δόξας θ. Phld.Rh.2.31 S., cf. 40S.

III c. inf., ἐς θόρυβον ἤλυθον.. λευσθῆναι I ran a risk of being stoned, E. IA 1349 (troch.). (Perh. cogn. with τονθορύζω.)

Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > θόρυβος
5 βοή

βοή, [dialect] Dor. [full] βοά, ἡ,

A loud cry, shout, in Hom. mostly battle-cry, βοὴν ἀγαθός Il.2.408
, al.; βοᾶς δ' ἔτι μηδ' ὄνομ' εἴη let there be not even the name of war, Thcoc.16.97; later of prayer, Ἑλληνικὸν νόμισμα θυστάδος β. A.Th. 269
; κακοφάτιδα β. cry of mourning, Id.Pers. 936 (lyr.); β. καὶ οἶκτος And.1.48
; κραυγὴ καὶ β. D.54.9
; also, song of joy, ἴτω ξύναυλος βοὰ χαρᾷ E.El. 879
(lyr.), cf. Pi.N.3.67, Ar.Ra. 212; of oracles, ἀείδουσα.. βοὰς ἂς ἂν Ἀπόλλων κελαδήσῃ E. Ion 92
(lyr.); shout, murmur of a crowd, Pl.Lg. 700c(pl.); θόρυβος καὶ β. Id.Ti. 70e
; of things, roar of the sea, Od.24.48; sound of musical instruments, αὐλοὶ φόρμιγγές τε βοὴν ἔχον Il.18.495
, cf. Pi.O.3.8, P.10.39 (pl.); β. σάλπιγγος A.Th. 394
; cry of birds, S.Ant. 1021; θηρίων β. E.Ba. 1085
; βοὴν θωΰσσειν, ἀϋτεῖν, S.Aj. 335, E.Hec. 1092(lyr.); ἐφθέγξατο βοή τις Id.IT 1386
; βοάσομαι τὰν ὑπέρτονον βοάν Phryn.Com.46
(lyr.); βοὴν ἱστάναι Antiph.196.2
; ὅσον καὶ ἀπὸ βοῆς ἕνεκα as far as sound went, only in appearance, Th.8.92, cf. X.HG2.4.31.

II = βοήθεια, aid called for, succour, A.Supp. 730, Ag. 1349.S.OC 1057 (lyr.). (g[uglide]o[uglide]ā, cf. Skt. jō-guvē (intensive of gávatē) 'proclaim aloud'.)

Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > βοή
6 περίστασις

περί-στᾰσις, εως, ἡ,

A standing round, τίς ἥδε κραυγὴ καὶ δόμων π.; crowds standing round the house, Telecl.35 ; π. ποιεῖσθαι, of crowds, Thphr.Char.8.12(pl.); ὄχλοιο π. Timo 34.1 : hence, in concretesense, crowd standing round, Plb.1.32.3, 18.53.11.

2 surrounding, ἡ τοῦ ψυχροῦ π. Arist.Pr. 869a21 : in concrete sense, environment, π. ἀέρος ψυχροῦ Epicur.Ep.2p.50U.
, cf. p.48 U.; surrounding space, Plb.6.31.1, 6.41.2 ; esp. free space round a building, OGI483.123, al. (Pergam., ii A. D.), IG14.352i8, 70 ([place name] Halaesa).

b portico surrounding a hall or temple, ib.42(1).102.6 (Epid., iv B. C.), Callix.1 ; ἡ ἔξω π. τοῦ σηκοῦ IG7.3073.90
(Lebad.).

c district surrounding a village, neighbourhood, PTeb.14.19 (ii B. C.), al.

II circumstances, situation, state of affairs, Plb.1.35.10, 4.67.4, etc.; αἱ π. [τῶν πόλεων] Id.10.21.3
; τὸ παράδοξον τῆς π. Posidon.36 J.; π. nostra, the position of my affairs, Cic.Att.4.8b.2 ; the actuality, μέζων τῆς π. ἡ φαντασίη Aret.SD2.9
; τὰ κατὰ περίστασιν καθήκοντα duties dependent on circumstances, Stoic.3.135, al., cf. Cic.Att.16.11.4, Phld.Rh.1.219 S. (pl.): sg. of a particular circumstance, Ael.Tact.35.1, A.D.Synt.145.4, etc.; κατά τινα π. γραμμάτων Gal.11.242
.

b esp. difficult position, crisis (both senses distd. in Arr.Epict.2.6.17, M.Ant.9.13); δὸς π. καὶ λάβε τὸν ἄνδρα Stoic.3.49
; κατὰ τὰς π. in critical times, Plb.1.82.7, cf. 4.33.12, etc.; διὰ τὰς τῶν καιρῶν π. SIG731.2 (Tomi, i B. C.); εἰς πᾶν ἐλθεῖν περιστάσεως Plb.4.45.10
, cf. 1.84.9, etc.; χαλεπὴ π. LXX 2 Ma.4.16, cf. Dsc.Alex.Praef.; μετὰ τὴν κατασχοῦσαν τὴν πόλιν π. SIG708.7 (Istropolis, ii B. C.), cf. IG22.1338.27, Orph.Fr.285.63 ; ἐν π. ἰσχυρᾷ τῶν ἔξωθεν Porph.Abst.1.55
.

2 Rhet., circumstances of the case treated by a speaker, Quint. Inst.3.5.18, 5.10.104, Corn.Rh.p.362 H.; classified by Hermog.Inv. 3.5.

3 outward pomp and circumstance, ἡ τοῦ βίου π. Plb.3.98.2, cf. 31.26.3 ; τρυφὴ καὶ π. Antig.Car. ap. Ath.12.547f; ὑπάρχων ἐν μεγάλῃ π. Phld.Acad.Ind.p.101 M.

4 in Meteorology, of climatic conditions, ἡ κατὰ τὸν ἀέρα π. Plb.3.84.2 ; λοιμικαὶ π. pestilential conditions, Id.6.5.5, cf. SIG731.7 (Tomi, i B. C.); καυματώδης π. D.S.4.22.

b Astron., position of the heavenly bodies, ἐκλειπτικὴ π. Sch.Arat. 862.

III veering round, of winds, Arist.Mete. 364b14, Pr. 942b27.

2 cycle, ἡ τοῦ μεγάλου ἐνιαυτοῦ π. Eudem. ap. Theon.Sm. p.198 H.

3 direction of motion, αἱ ἓξ π., i. e. up, down, forwards, backwards, right, left, Nicom.Ar.2.6, 16.

4 materials for use, PFlor.369.2 (ii A. D.).

Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > περίστασις
7 ὀλολῡγή

ὀλολῡγή, ἡ, lautes Geschrei; αἱ δ' ὀλολυγῇ πᾶσαι Ἀϑήνῃ χεῖρας ἀνέσχον, Il. 6, 301, vom lauten Anruf der Athene; ἀντίμολπον ἧκεν ὀλολυγῆς μέγαν κωκυτόν, Eur. Med. 1176; σεμναί, Troad. 1073; Ar. Lys. 240; ἐν ἱεροῖσι, Her. 4, 189; κραυγῇ καὶ ὀλολυγῇ χρώμεναι, von Frauen, Thuc. 2, 4; Folgde; Luc. Bacch. 4; Plut.

Griechisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch > ὀλολῡγή
8 φωνή

φωνή, ῆς, ἡ (s. prec. entry; Hom.+).

① an auditory effect, sound, tone, noise the source of which is added in the gen.: of musical instruments (Pla., Rep. 3, 397a ὀργάνων; Eur., Tro. 127 συρίγγων; Plut., Mor. 713c ψαλτηρίου καὶ αὐλοῦ; Aristoxenus, Fgm. 6; Paus. Attic. α, 169; Ex 19:16, Is 18:3 and PsSol 8:1 σάλπιγγος; cp. ParJer 3:2; Is 24:8 κιθάρας; Aristobul. in Eus., PE 8, 10, 13=p. 144, 94f Holladay) σάλπιγγος Mt 24:31 v.l.; D 16:6. φωναὶ τῆς σάλπιγγος blasts of the trumpet Rv 8:13b; or of those who play them κιθαρῳδῶν 14:2d; 18:22a; cp. 10:7. Of the noise made by a millstone 18:22b. Of a shout produced by a crowd of people φωνὴ ὄχλου πολλοῦ 19:1, 6a (cp. Da 10:6 Theod.; also λαοῦ πολλοῦ PsSol 8:2). Of the sound caused by spoken words (Da 10:9; Just., D. 131, 2 μηδὲ μέχρι φωνῆς) ἡ φωνὴ τοῦ ἀσπασμοῦ σου Lk 1:44. φωνὴ ῥημάτων sound of words Hb 12:19. Cp. 1 Cl 27:7 (Ps 18:4). ἔσομαι φωνή I will be just a meaningless sound (in contrast to Ignatius functioning as a λόγος θεοῦ [=meaningful expression of God] if his adherents abstain from pleas in his behalf) IRo 2:1 (s. ἠχώ). Abs. of the sound made by a wail of sorrow (cp. TestJob 40:9; TestIss 1:4) Mt 2:18 (Jer 38:15). μεγάλη φωνὴ ἐγένετο ἐν τ. οὐρανῷ GPt 9:35.—Of musical instruments it is said that they φωνὴν διδόναι produce sound (in ref. to mere sonant capability in contrast to distinguishable notes) 1 Cor 14:7f.—In Rv we have ἀστραπαὶ καὶ φωναὶ καὶ βρονταί (cp. Ex 19:16) 4:5; 8:5; 11:19; 16:18 (are certain other sounds in nature thought of here in addition to thunder, as e.g. the roar of the storm? In Ex 19:16 φωναὶ κ. ἀστραπαί are surely thunder and lightning. But in Ex 9:23, 28; 1 Km 12:18 the mng. of φωναί remains unclear. Cp. also Esth 1:1d φωναί, βρονταί).—Freq. in imagery: of wind sound J 3:8; cp. Ac 2:6. Of thunderclap (1 Km 7:10; GrBar 6:13) Rv 6:1; 14:2c; 19:6c. Of roar of water (Ezk 1:24b) 1:15b; 14:2b; 19:6b. Of whirring of wings (Ezk 1:24a) 9:9a. Of the clatter of chariots 9:9 b (cp. Ezk 3:13; 26:10).

② the faculty of utterance, voice (Tat. 15:3 προύχει τῶν θηρίων ὁ ἄνθρωπος κατὰ τὴν ἔναρθον φωνήν=humankind excels beasts in articulate utterance)

ⓐ gener. of sonant aspect: any form of speech or other utterance w. the voice can take place μετὰ φωνῆς μεγάλης Lk 17:15; ἐν φωνῇ μεγάλῃ Rv 5:2; 14:7, 9; mostly φωνῇ μεγάλῃ (TestAbr A 5 p. 82, 20f [Stone p. 12]; ParJer 2:2; Achilles Tat. 8, 1, 1; SibOr 3, 669; 5, 63) Mt 27:46, 50; Mk 1:26; 5:7; 15:34; Lk 1:42 v.l. (s. κραυγή 1b); 4:33; 8:28; 19:37; J 11:43; Ac 7:57, 60; 8:7; Rv 6:10; 7:2, 10 al.; IPhld 7:1a. μεγάλῃ τῇ φωνῃ (Diod S 1, 70, 5; 8, 23, 3; Lucian, Hist. Conscr. 1, Tim. 9; ParJer 9:8; Jos., Bell. 6, 188) Ac 14:10 v.l. 26:24; ἐν ἰσχυρᾷ φωνῇ Rv 18:2. ἐν φωνῇ μιᾷ IEph 4:2; μιᾷ φ. (Pla., Laws 1, 634e; Diod S 11, 9, 3; 11, 26, 6; 19, 81, 2; Ael. Aristid. 24, 4 K.=44 p. 825 D.; Lucian, Nigr. 14) ApcPt 5:19.—αἴρειν φωνήν (αἴρω 1b) Lk 17:13; πρός τινα Ac 4:24. ἐπαίρειν φωνήν (ParJer 9:14; s. ἐπαίρω 1) Lk 11:27; Ac 2:14; 14:11; 22:22; AcPl Ha 6, 33. ἀκούειν τῆς φωνῆς τινος hear someone speaking or calling (TestAbr B 3 p. 107, 10 [Stone p. 62]; TestJob 42:3; TestJos 9:4; ParJer 3:10) J 5:25, 28; 10:3; Hb 3:7, 15; 4:7 (the last three Ps 94:7); w. a neg. and acc. (φωνήν) Mt 12:19 (cp. Is 42:2); J 5:37. The same expr.=listen to someone’s speech or call, follow someone (Gen 3:17) 10:16, 27; 18:37; Rv 3:20; B 8:7; cp. 9:2 (s. Ex 15:26).—(ἡ) φωνὴ (τοῦ) νυμφίου (cp. Jer 25:10) J 3:29 (cp. Arrian, Cyneg. 17, 1 the dogs χαίρουσιν τὴν φωνὴν τοῦ δεσπότου γνωρίζουσαι); Rv 18:23.

ⓑ voice as it varies from individual to individual or fr. one mood to another (X., An. 2, 6, 9; Gen 27:22; Tat. 5:2) ἐπιγνοῦσα τὴν φωνὴν τοῦ Πέτρου Ac 12:14. Cp. J 10:4f (s. Ael. Aristid. 46 p. 320, horses). ἤθελον ἀλλάξαι τὴν φωνήν μου Gal 4:20 (ἀλλάσσω 1; φωνή=tone: Diod. S 8, 5, 4 πᾶσαν φωνήν=every variation in tone; Artem. 4, 56 p. 235, 15).

ⓒ that which the voice gives expression to: call, cry, outcry, loud or solemn declaration (Sb 7251, 21 [III/IV A.D.]=order, command) ὁ Ἰησοῦς ἀφεὶς φωνὴν μεγάλην Mk 15:37. φωνὴ ἐγένετο μία a single outcry arose Ac 19:34 (cp. Jos., Vi. 133). Cp. 22:14; 24:21. Pl. (Ael. Aristid. 52, 3 K.=28 p. 551 D.: ἦσαν φωναί; Jos., Vi. 231, Ant. 15, 52) φωναὶ μεγάλαι loud cries Lk 23:23a; cp. 23b. ἐλάλησαν αἱ βρονταὶ τὰς ἑαυτῶν φωνάς the thunders sounded forth their crashing peals Rv 10:3b. θεοῦ φωνὴ (D φωναί) καὶ οὐκ ἀνθρώπου (this is) the utterance of a god and not of a mere mortal Ac 12:22 (Just., D. 119, 6 τῇ φωνῇ τοῦ θεοῦ; cp. 21, 1 αἱ φωναὶ αὐτοῦ; Plut., Mor. 567f: a divine φωνή sounds forth fr. a φῶς μέγα that appears suddenly; Ael. Aristid. 45 p. 11 D.: Πυθίας φωνή; Epict. 3, 23, 20 ἰδοὺ φωναὶ φιλοσόφου; 3, 22, 50; Biogr. p. 454 people received sayings of Hippocr. ὡς θεοῦ φωνὰς κ. οὐκ ἀνθρωπίνου προελθούσας ἐκ στόματος). φωνὴ ἐνεχθεῖσα αὐτῷ a declaration (was) borne to him 2 Pt 1:17; cp. vs. 18. Also of sayings in scripture αἱ φωναὶ τῶν προφητῶν Ac 13:27 (Ath. 9, 1; cp. Diod S 19, 1, 4 ἡ Σόλωνος φωνή; 20, 30, 2 τῆς τοῦ μάντεως [=τοῦ δαιμονίου] φωνῆς; Diog. L. 8, 14 sayings of Pythagoras). Of apostolic tradition τὰ παρὰ ζώσης φωνῆς καὶ μενούσης Papias (2:4) (s. ζάω, end; on Papias’ ‘living voice’ s. ABaum, NTS 44, ’98, 144–51).

ⓓ In accordance w. OT and Jewish usage gener. (s. Bousset, Rel.³ 315. The Socratic δαιμόνιον [=ὁ θεός Ep. 1, 7] is called ἡ φωνή: Socrat., Ep. 1, 9 [p. 222, 34 Malherbe] τὸ δαιμόνιόν μοι, ἡ φωνή, γέγονεν, cp. Pla., Apol. 31d) ‘the voice’ oft. speaks, though the (heavenly) speaker neither appears nor is mentioned (cp. PGM 3, 119 ἐξορκίζω σε κατὰ τῆς ἑβραικῆς φωνῆς.—In most cases the divine voice is differentiated fr. the divinity: Theopompus [IV B.C.]: 115 Fgm. 69 Jac. [in Diog. L. 1, 115] when Epimenides wishes to build τὸ τῶν Νυμφῶν ἱερόν: ῥαγῆναι φωνὴν ἐξ οὐρανοῦ ‘Ἐπιμενίδη, μὴ Νυμφῶν, ἀλλὰ Διός’=[when E. was building] a shrine for the Nymphs: a voice cried out from heaven, “Epimenides! Not for the Nymphs, but for Zeus!”; Plut., Mor. 355e; 775b; Oenomaus in Eus., PE 5, 28, 2 Lycurgus receives the laws ὑπὸ τῆς θεοῦ φωνῆς in Delphi; Artapanus; 726 Fgm. 3, 21 Jac. [in Eus., PE 9, 27, 21]; Jos., Ant. 1, 185 φ. θεία παρῆν; 3, 90 φ. ὑψόθεν; cp. 2, 267) ἰδοὺ φωνὴ ἐκ τῶν οὐρανῶν λέγουσα (on the voice fr. heaven s. the lit. s.v. βαπτίζω 2a; also JKosnetter, D. Taufe Jesu ’36, esp. 140–90, and FDölger, Ac V/3, ’36, 218–23) Mt 3:17; cp. 17:5. ἦλθεν φ. (ἐκ) Mk 9:7 v.l.; J 12:28; 30 v.l. (TestAbr A 10 p. 88, 15 [Stone p. 24] al.; cp. Ps. Callisth, 1, 45, 2f ἦλθεν φωνὴ ἀπὸ τοῦ ἀδύτου the divine saying follows in direct discourse). ἐξῆλθεν φ. Rv 16:17 (ἐκ); 19:5 (ἀπό τοῦ θρόνου). γίνεται (ἐγένετο) φ. (ἐκ: Plut., Agis et Cleom. 807 [28, 3]: φωνὴν ἐκ τοῦ ἱεροῦ γενέσθαι φράζουσαν; Ael. Aristid. 40, 22 K.=5 p. 62 D.: φωνῆς θείας γενομένης … ἐκ τοῦ μητρῴου [=temple of the Mother of the Gods]) Mk 1:11; 9:7; Lk 3:22; 9:35f; J 12:30 (v.l. ἦλθεν; s. above); Ac 10:13, 15 (both πρὸς αὐτόν); MPol 9:1a; GEb 18, 37 (verb of origin understood), cp. ibid. ln. 38; ἐγένετο φ. κυρίου Ac 7:31 (cp. Jos., Vi. 259 ἐγένοντο φωναί). ἀπεκρίθη φ. ἐκ τ. οὐρανοῦ 11:9; ἦχος φωνῆς μοι ἀπεκρίθη Hv 4, 1, 4. ἀκούειν φωνήν hear a voice (also w. such additions as λέγουσαν, ἐκ w. gen. of place, μεγάλην, gen. of the speaker) Ac 9:4; 22:9; 26:14; Rv 6:6f; 9:13; 10:4, 8; 12:10; 14:2; 18:4; MPol 9:1b; EpilMosq 4; φωνῆς w. the same mng. (w. corresp. additions) Ac 9:7; 11:7; 22:7 (MMeyer, The Light and Voice on the Damascus Road: Forum 2, ’86, 27–35 [Nag Hammadi pp. 30–32]); Rv 11:12; 14:13; 16:1; 21:3; GPt 10:41. Paul speaks διὰ φωνῆς πνεύματος ἁγίου AcPl Ha 11, 5.

ⓔ special cases: ἐπέστρεψα βλέπειν τὴν φωνὴν ἥτις ἐλάλει μετʼ ἐμοῦ I turned around to see (to whom) the voice that was speaking to me (belonged) Rv 1, 12 (cp. X., Hell. 5, 1, 22 σκεψόμενοι τίς ἡ κραυγή; Aesop 248b H.=141 P.=146 H-H. ἐπεστράφη πρὸς τὴν φ.). φ. βοῶντος ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ (it is) the voice of one calling out in the wilderness (Is 40:3; cp. En 9:2; Jos., Bell. 6, 301) Mt 3:3; Mk 1:3; Lk 3:4. Referring to Is 40:3, John the Baptist applies its words to himself J 1:23 the voice of one calling out in the wilderness (Ael. Aristid. 49, 5 K.=25 p. 489 D.: φ. λέγοντός του ‘τεθεράπευσαι’; Ps.-Pla., Axioch. 1 p. 364a φωνὴ βοῶντός του).—B 9:3.

③ a verbal code shared by a community to express ideas and feelings, language (Aeschyl., Hdt. et al.; Cebes 33, 6; Aelian, VH 12, 48; Herodian 5, 3, 4; Diog. L. 8, 3; SEG VIII, 548, 17 [I B.C.]; PLond I, 77, 13 p. 232 [Christ. VIII A.D.]; PGM 12, 188 πᾶσα γλῶσσα κ. πᾶσα φωνή; Gen 11:1; Dt 28:49; 2 Macc 7:8, 21, 27; 4 Macc 12:7; Jos., C. Ap. 1, 1; 50; 73 al.; Just., A I, 31, 1; Tat. 37, 1; Mel., P. 29, 199) 1 Cor 14:10f; 2 Pt 2:16 (an animal w. ἀνθρώπου φ. as Appian, Bell. Civ. 4:4 §14 βοῦς φωνὴν ἀφῆκεν ἀνθρώπου; schol. on Appolon. Rhod. 2, 1146 ὁ κριὸς ἀνθρωπίνῃ χρησάμενος φωνῇ; sim. TestAbr A 3 p. 79, 19 [Stone p. 6]; sim. TestAbr B 3 p. 107, 10 [St. p. 62] a tree; ParJer 7:2 an eagle; Philo, Op. M. 156); Dg 5:1. ὁ λέων εἶπεν μιᾷ φωνῇ AcPlHa 5, 4 (on the probability that μια was misread for θεια s. the editor’s note, p. 41, 4).—B. 1248; 1260. DELG. M-M. EDNT. TW. Sv.

Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > φωνή
9 εἰμί

εἰμί (Hom.+) impv. ἴσθι, ἔσο IPol 4:1, ἔστω—also colloq. ἤτω (BGU 276, 24; 419, 13; POxy 533, 9; Ps 103:31; 1 Macc 10:31) 1 Cor 16:22; Js 5:12; 1 Cl 48:5; Hv 3, 3, 4;—3 pers. pl. ἔστωσαν (ins since 200 B.C. Meisterhans³-Schw. 191; PPetr III, 2, 22 [237 B.C.]) Lk 12:35; 1 Ti 3:12; GJs 7:2. Inf. εἶναι. Impf. 1 pers. only mid. ἤμην (Jos., Bell. 1, 389; 631; s. further below); ἦν only Ac 20:18 D, 2 pers. ἦσθα (Jos., Ant. 6, 104) Mt 26:69; Mk 14:67 and ἦς (Lobeck, Phryn. 149 ‘say ἦσθα’; Jos., Ant. 17, 110 al.; Sb 6262, 16 [III A.D.]) Mt 25:21, 23 al., 3 sg. ἦν, 1 pl. ἦμεν. Beside this the mid. form ἤμην (pap since III B.C.; Job 29:16; Tob 12:13 BA), s. above, gives the pl. ἤμεθα (pap since III B.C.; Bar 1:19) Mt 23:30; Ac 27:37; Eph 2:3. Both forms in succession Gal. 4:3. Fut. ἔσομαι, ptc. ἐσόμενος. The mss. vary in choice of act. or mid., but like the edd. lean toward the mid. (W-S. §14, 1; Mlt-H. 201–3; Rob. index; B-D-F §98; Rdm.² 99; 101f; Helbing 108f; Reinhold 86f). Also s. ἔνι.

① be, exist, be on hand a pred. use (for other pred. use s. 3a, 4, 5, 6, 7): of God (Epicurus in Diog. L. 10, 123 θεοί εἰσιν; Zaleucus in Diod S 12, 20, 2 θεοὺς εἶναι; Wsd 12:13; Just., D. 128, 4 angels) ἔστιν ὁ θεός God exists Hb 11:6; cp. 1 Cor 8:5. ὁ ὢν καὶ ὁ ἦν the one who is and who was (cp. SibOr 3, 16; as amulet PMich 155, 3 [II A.D.] ὁ ὢν θεὸς ὁ Ἰάω κύριος παντοκράτωρ=the god … who exists.) Rv 11:17; 16:5. ὁ ὢν καὶ ὁ ἦν καὶ ὁ ἐρχόμενος, in this and the two preceding passages ἦν is treated as a ptc. (for the unusual use of ἦν cp. Simonides 74 D.: ἦν ἑκατὸν φιάλαι) 1:4; 4:8 (cp. Ex 3:14; Wsd 13:1; Paus. 10, 12, 10 Ζεὺς ἦν, Ζ. ἔστι, Ζ. ἔσσεται; cp. Theosophien 18. S. OWeinreich, ARW 19, 1919, 178f). οὐδʼ εἶναι θεὸν παντοκράτορα AcPlCor 1:11. ἐγώ εἰμι (ins in the Athena-Isis temple of Saïs in Plut., Is. et Os. 9, 354c: ἐγώ εἰμι πᾶν τὸ γεγονὸς κ. ὸ̓ν κ. ἐσόμενον. On the role of Isis in Gk. rel. s. IBergman, Ich bin Isis ’68; RMerkelbach, Isis Regina—Zeus Sarapis ’95; for further lit. s. MGustafson in: Prayer fr. Alexander to Constantine, ed. MKiley et al. ’97, 158.) Rv 1:8 (s. ἐγώ beg.). ὁ ὤν, … θεός Ro 9:5 is classed here and taken to mean Christ by JWordsworth ad loc. and HWarner, JTS 48, ’47, 203f. Of the λόγος: ἐν ἀρχῇ ἦν ὁ λ. J 1:1 (for ἦν cp. Herm. Wr. 1, 4; 3, 1b ἦν σκότος, Fgm. IX 1 p. 422, 23 Sc. γέγονεν ἡ ὕλη καὶ ἦν).—Of Christ πρὶν Ἀβραὰμ γενέσθαι, ἐγὼ εἰμί before Abraham was born, I am 8:58 (on the pres. εἰμί cp. Parmenides 8, 5: of the Eternal we cannot say ἦν οὐδʼ ἔσται, only ἔστιν; Ammonius Hermiae [Comm. in Aristotl. IV 5 ed. ABusse 1897] 6 p. 172: in Timaeus we read that we must not say of the gods τὸ ἦν ἢ τὸ ἔσται μεταβολῆς τινος ὄντα σημαντικά, μόνον δὲ τὸ ἔστι=‘was’ or ‘will be’, suggesting change, but only ‘is’; Ps 89:2; DBall, ‘I Am’ in John’s Gospel [JSNT Suppl. 124] ’96).—Of the world πρὸ τοῦ τὸν κόσμον εἶναι before the world existed 17:5. Satirically, of the beast, who parodies the Lamb, ἦν καὶ οὐκ ἔστιν Rv 17:8. Of God’s temple: ἔστιν B 16:6f it exists. τὸ μὴ ὄν that which does not exist, the unreal (Sallust. 17 p. 32, 7 and 9; Philo, Aet. M. 5; 82) Hm 1:1. τὰ ὄντα that which exists contrasted w. τὰ μὴ ὄντα Ro 4:17; cp. 1 Cor 1:28; 2 Cl 1:8. Of God κτίσας ἐκ τοῦ μὴ ὄντος τὰ ὄντα what is out of what is not Hv 1, 1, 6 (on the contrast τὰ ὄντα and τὰ μὴ ὄντα cp. Ps.-Arist. on Xenophanes: Fgm. 21, 28; Artem. 1, 51 p. 49, 19 τὰ μὴ ὄντα ὡς ὄντα; Ocellus Luc. 12; Sallust. 17, 5 p. 30, 28–32, 12; Philo, Op. M. 81; PGM 4, 3077f ποιήσαντα τὰ πάντα ἐξ ὧν οὐκ ὄντων εἰς τὸ εἶναι; 13, 272f τὸν ἐκ μὴ ὄντων εἶναι ποιήσαντα καὶ ἐξ ὄντων μὴ εἶναι; Theoph. Ant. 1, 4 [p. 64, 21] τὰ πάντα ὁ θεὸς ἐποίησεν ἐξ οὐκ ὄντων εἰς τὸ εἶναι).—Of existing in the sense be present, available, provided πολλοῦ ὄχλου ὄντος since a large crowd was present Mk 8:1. ὄντων τῶν προσφερόντων those are provided who offer Hb 8:4. οὔπω ἦν πνεῦμα the Spirit had not yet come J 7:39. ἀκούσας ὄντα σιτία when he heard that grain was available Ac 7:12.—Freq. used to introduce parables and stories (once) there was: ἄνθρωπός τις ἦν πλούσιος there was (once) a rich man Lk 16:1, 19. ἦν ἄνθρωπος ἐκ τ. Φαρισαίων there was a man among the Pharisees J 3:1.—There is, there are ὥσπερ εἰσὶν θεοὶ πολλοί as there are many gods 1 Cor 8:5. διαιρέσεις χαρισμάτων εἰσίν there are various kinds of spiritual gifts 12:4ff; 1J 5:16 al. Neg. οὐκ ἔστι there is (are) not, no (Ps 52:2; Simplicius in Epict. p. 95, 42 as a quot. from ‘tragedy’ οὐκ εἰσὶν θεοί) δίκαιος there is no righteous man Ro 3:10 (Eccl 7:20). ἀνάστασις νεκρῶν οὐκ ἔστιν there is no resurr. of the dead 1 Cor 15:12; οὐδʼ εἶναι ἀνάστασιν AcPlCor 1:12; 2:24; cp. Mt 22:23; Ac 23:8 (cp. 2 Macc 7:14). εἰσὶν οἵ, or οἵτινες there are people who (Hom. et al.; LXX; Just., D. 47, 2 εἰ μήτι εἰσὶν οἱ λέγοντες ὅτι etc.—W. sing. and pl. combined: Arrian, Ind. 24, 9 ἔστι δὲ οἳ διέφυγον=but there are some who escaped) Mt 16:28; 19:12; Mk 9:1; Lk 9:27; J 6:64; Ac 11:20. Neg. οὐδείς ἐστιν ὅς there is no one who Mk 9:39; 10:29; Lk 1:61; 18:29. As a question τίς ἐστιν ὅς; who is there that? Mt 12:11—In an unusual (perh. bureaucratic terminology) participial construction Ac 13:1 ἡ οὖσα ἐκκλησία the congregation there (cp. Ps.-Pla., Eryx. 6, 394c οἱ ὄντες ἄνθρωποι=the people with whom he has to deal; PLond III 1168, 5 p. 136 [18 A.D.] ἐπὶ ταῖς οὔσαις γειτνίαις=on the adjoining areas there; PGen 49; PSI 229, 11 τοῦ ὄντος μηνός of the current month); cp. 14:13.—αἱ οὖσαι (sc. ἐξουσίαι) those that exist Ro 13:1 (cp. UPZ 180a I, 4 [113 B.C.] ἐφʼ ἱερέων καὶ ἱερειῶν τῶν ὄντων καὶ οὐσῶν).

② to be in close connection (with), is, freq. in statements of identity or equation, as a copula, the equative function, uniting subject and predicate. On absence of the copula, Mlt-Turner 294–310.

ⓐ gener. πραΰς εἰμι I am gentle Mt 11:29. ἐγώ εἰμι Γαβριήλ Lk 1:19. σὺ εἶ ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ θεοῦ Mk 3:11; J 1:49 and very oft. ἵνα … ὁ πονηρὸς … ἐλεγχθῇ [το? s. app. in Bodm.] μὴ ὢν θεός AcPlCor 2:15 (Just., D. 3, 3 φιλολόγος οὖν τις εἶ σύ).—The pred. can be supplied fr. the context: καὶ ἐσμέν and we are (really God’s children) 1J 3:1 (Eur., Ion 309 τ. θεοῦ καλοῦμαι δοῦλος εἰμί τε. Dio Chrys. 14 [31], 58 θεοφιλεῖς οἱ χρηστοὶ λέγονται καὶ εἰσίν; Epict. 2, 16, 44 Ἡρακλῆς ἐπιστεύθη Διὸς υἱὸς εἶναι καὶ ἦν.—The ptc. ὤν, οὖσα, ὄν used w. a noun or adj.and serving as an if-, since-, or although-clause sim. functions as a copula πονηροὶ ὄντες Mt 7:11; 12:34.—Lk 20:36; J 3:4; 4:9; Ac 16:21; Ro 5:10; 1 Cor 8:7; Gal 2:3 al.).—W. adv. of quality: οὕτως εἶναι be so preceded by ὥσπερ, καθώς or followed by ὡς, ὥσπερ Mt 13:40; 24:27, 37, 39; Mk 4:26; Lk 17:26. W. dat. of pers. οὕτως ἔσται ὁ υἱὸς τ. ἀ. τῇ γενεᾷ ταύτῃ so the Human One (Son of Man) will be for this generation 11:30. εἰμὶ ὡσ/ὥσπερ I am like Mt 6:5; Lk 18:11. W. dat. ἔστω σοι ὥσπερ τελώνης he shall be to you as a tax-collector Mt 18:17. εἰμὶ ὥς τις I am like someone of outward and inward similarity 28:3; Lk 6:40; 11:44; 22:27 al. καθώς εἰμι as I am Ac 22:3; 1J 3:2, 7; 4:17.—W. demonstr. pron. (Just., A I, 16, 1 ἃ ἔφη, ταῦτά ἐστι: foll. by a quotation; sim. 48, 5 ἔστι δὲ ταῦτα; and oft.) τὰ ὀνόματά ἐστιν ταῦτα Mt 10:2. αὕτη ἐστὶν ἡ μαρτυρία J 1:19. W. inf. foll. θρησκεία αὕτη ἐστίν, ἐπισκέπτεσθαι Js 1:27. W. ὅτι foll. αὕτη ἐστὶν ἡ κρίσις, ὅτι τὸ φῶς ἐλήλυθεν J 3:19; cp. 21:24; 1J 1:5; 3:11; 5:11. W. ἵνα foll. τοῦτό ἐστιν τὸ ἔργον, ἵνα πιστεύητε J 6:29; cp. vs. 39f; 15:12; 17:3; 1J 3:11, 23; 5:3. W. τηλικοῦτος: τὰ πλοῖα, τηλικαῦτα ὄντα though they are so large Js 3:4. W. τοσοῦτος: τοσοῦτων ὄντων although there were so many J 21:11. W. τοιοῦτος: τοιοῦτος ὤν Phlm 9 (cp. Just., A I, 18, 4 ὅσα ἄλλα τοιαῦτά ἐστι).—W. interrog. pron. ὑμεῖς τίνα με λέγετε εἶναι; who do you say I am? Mt 16:15; cp. 21:10; Mk 1:24; 4:41; 8:27, 29; Lk 4:34 al.; σὺ τίς εἶ; J 1:19; 8:25; 21:12 al. (cp. JosAs 14:6 τίς εἶ συ tell me ‘who you are’). σὺ τίς εἶ ὁ κρίνων; (Pla., Gorg. 452b; Strabo 6, 2, 4 σὺ τίς εἶ ὁ τὸν Ὅμηρον ψέγων ὡς μυθογράφον;) Ro 14:4; ἐγὼ τίς ἤμην; (cp. Ex 3:11) Ac 11:17; τίς εἰμι ἐγὼ ὅτι who am I, that GJs 12:2 (Ex 3:11). W. πόσος: πόσος χρόνος ἐστίν; how long a time? Mk 9:21. W. ποταπός of what sort Lk 1:29.—W. relative pron. οἷος 2 Cor 10:11; ὁποῖος Ac 26:29; 1 Cor 3:13; Gal 2:6; ὅς Rv 1:19; ὅστις Gal 5:10, 19.—W. numerals ἦσαν οἱ φαγόντες πεντακισχίλιοι ἄνδρες 6:44 (cp. Polyaenus 7, 25 ἦσαν οἱ πεσόντες ἀνδρῶν μυριάδες δέκα); cp. Ac 19:7; 23:13. Λάζαρος εἷς ἦν ἐκ τῶν ἀνακειμένων L. was one of those at the table J 12:2; cp. Gal 3:20; Js 2:19. τῶν πιστευσάντων ἦν καρδία καὶ ψυχὴ μία Ac 4:32. εἷς εἶναι be one and the same Gal 3:28. ἓν εἶναι be one J 10:30; 17:11, 21ff; 1 Cor 3:8.—οὐδʼ εἶναι τὴν πλάσιν τὴν τῶν ἀνθρώπων τοῦ θεοῦ (that) the creation of humankind is not God’s doing AcPlCor 1:13.—To establish identity the formula ἐγώ εἰμι is oft. used in the gospels (corresp. to Hebr. אֲנִי הוּא Dt 32:39; Is 43:10), in such a way that the predicate must be understood fr. the context: Mt 14:27; Mk 6:50; 13:6; 14:62; Lk 22:70; J 4:26; 6:20; 8:24, 28; 13:19; 18:5f and oft.; s. on ἐγώ.—In a question μήτι ἐγώ εἰμι; surely it is not I? Mt 26:22, 25.

ⓑ to describe a special connection betw. the subject and a predicate noun ἡμεῖς ναὸς θεοῦ ἐσμεν ζῶντος we are a temple of the living God 2 Cor 6:16. ἡ ἐπιστολὴ ὑμεῖς ἐστε you are our letter (of recommendation) 3:2. σφραγίς μου τῆς ἀποστολῆς ὑμεῖς ἐστε you are the seal of my apostleship 1 Cor 9:2 and oft.

ⓒ in explanations:

α. to show how someth. is to be understood is a representation of, is the equivalent of; εἰμί here, too, serves as copula; we usually translate mean, so in the formula τοῦτʼ ἔστιν this or that means, that is to say (Epict., Ench. 33, 10; Arrian, Tact. 29, 3; SIG 880, 50; PFlor 157, 4; PSI 298, 9; PMert 91, 9; Jos., C. Ap. 2, 16; ApcMos 19; Just., D. 56, 23; 78, 3 al.) Mk 7:2; Ac 19:4; Ro 7:18; 9:8; 10:6, 8; Phlm 12; Hb 7:5 al.; in the sense that is (when translated) (Polyaenus 8, 14, 1 Μάξιμος ἀνηγορεύθη• τοῦτο δʼ ἄν εἴη Μέγιστον) Mt 27:46; Ac 1:19. So also w. relative pron.: ὅ ἐστιν Mk 3:17; 7:11, 34; Hb 7:2. After verbs of asking, recognizing, knowing and not knowing (Antiphanes Com. 231, 1f τὸ ζῆν τί ἐστι;) μάθετε τί ἐστιν learn what (this) means Mt 9:13. εἰ ἐγνώκειτε τί ἐστιν 12:7; cp. Mk 1:27; 9:10; Lk 20:17; J 16:17f; Eph 4:9. W. an indir. question (Stephan. Byz. s.v. Ἀγύλλα: τὶς ἠρώτα τί ἂν εἴη τὸ ὄνομα) τί ἂν εἴη ταῦτα Lk 15:26; τί εἴη τοῦτο 18:36. τίνα θέλει ταῦτα εἶναι what this means Ac 17:20; cp. 2:12, where the question is not about the mng. of terms but the significance of what is happening.—Esp. in interpr. of the parables (Artem. 1, 51 p. 48, 26 ἄρουρα οὐδὲν ἄλλο ἐστὶν ἢ γυνή=field means nothing else than woman) ὁ ἀγρός ἐστιν ὁ κόσμος the field means the world Mt 13:38; cp. vss. 19f, 22f; Mk 4:15f, 18, 20; Lk 8:11ff (cp. Gen 41:26f; Ezk 37:11; Ath. 22, 4 [Stoic interpr. of myths]). On τοῦτό ἐστιν τὸ σῶμά μου Mt 26:26; Mk 14:22; Lk 22:19 and its various interpretations, see lit. s.v. εὐχαριστία. Cp. Hipponax (VI B.C.) 45 Diehl αὕτη γάρ ἐστι συμφορή=this means misfortune.

β. to be of relative significance, be of moment or importance, amount to someth. w. indef. pron. εἰδωλόθυτόν τί ἐστιν meat offered to idols means anything 1 Cor 10:19. Esp. εἰμί τι I mean someth. of pers. 1 Cor 3:7; Gal 2:6; 6:3; and of things vs. 15. εἰμί τις Ac 5:36.—Of no account ἐμοὶ εἰς ἐλάχιστόν ἐστιν (telescoped fr. ἐλάχ. ἐστιν and εἰς ἐλάχ. γίνεται, of which there are many exx. in Schmid, I 398; II 161, 237; III 281; IV 455) it is of little or no importance to me 1 Cor 4:3.

③ be in reference to location, persons, condition, or time, be

ⓐ of various relations or positions involving a place or thing: w. ἀπό: εἶναι ἀπό τινος be or come from a certain place (X., An. 2, 4, 13) J 1:44.—W. ἐν: ἐν τοῖς τ. πατρός μου in my father’s house Lk 2:49 (cp. Jos., Ant. 16, 302 καταγωγὴ ἐν τοῖς Ἀντιπάτρου). ἐν τῇ ὁδῷ on the way Mk 10:32. ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ Mt 24:26. ἐν ἀγρῷ Lk 15:25. ἐν δεξιᾷ τ. θεοῦ at God’s right hand Ro 8:34; in heaven Eph 6:9.—W. εἰς: τὴν κοίτην Lk 11:7; τὸν κόλπον J1:18.—W. ἐπὶ w. gen. be on someth. of place, roof Lk 17:31; head J 20:7 (cp. 1 Macc 1:59); also fig., of one who is over someone (1 Macc 10:69; Jdth 14:13 ὁ ὢν ἐπὶ πάντων τῶν αὐτοῦ) Ro 9:5 (of the angel of death Mel., P. 20, 142 ἐπὶ τῶν πρωτοτόκων); also ἐπάνω τινός J 3:31.—W. dat. be at someth. the door Mt 24:33; Mk 13:29.—W. acc. be on someone: grace Lk 2:40; Ac 4:33; spirit (Is 61:1) Lk 2:25; εἶναι ἐπὶ τὸ αὐτό be in the same place, together (Gen 29:2 v.l.) Ac 1:15; 2:1, 44; 1 Cor 7:5.—W. κατά w. acc. εἶναι κατὰ τὴν Ἰουδαίαν be in Judea Ac 11:1; εἶναι ἐν Ἀντιοχείᾳ κατὰ τὴν οὖσαν ἐκκλησίαν were at Antioch in the congregation there 13:1.—W. ὑπό w. acc. τι or τινα of place be under someth. J 1:48; 1 Cor 10:1.—W. παρά w. acc. παρὰ τὴν θάλασσαν by the sea- (i.e. lake-) shore Mk 5:21; Ac 10:6.—W. πρός τι be close to, facing someth. Mk 4:1.—W. adv. of place ἐγγύς τινι near someth. Ac 9:38; 27:8. μακρὰν (ἀπό) Mk 12:34; J 21:8; Eph 2:13; also πόρρω Lk 14:32. χωρίς τινος without someth. Hb 12:8. ἐνθάδε Ac 16:28. ἔσω J 20:26. ἀπέναντί τινος Ro 3:18 (Ps 35:2). ἐκτός τινος 1 Cor 6:18; ἀντίπερά τινος Lk 8:26; ὁμοῦ J 21:2; οὗ Mt 2:9; ὅπου Mk 2:4; 5:40. ὧδε Mt 17:4; Mk 9:5; Lk 9:33. Also w. fut. mng. (ESchwartz, GGN 1908, 161 n.; on the fut. use of the pres. cp. POxy 531, 22 [II A.D.] ἔστι δὲ τοῦ Τῦβι μηνὸς σοὶ ὸ̔ θέλεις) ὅπου εἰμί J 7:34, 36; 12:26; 14:3; 17:24. As pred., to denote a relatively long stay at a place, stay, reside ἴσθι ἐκεῖ stay there Mt 2:13, cp. vs. 15; ἐπʼ ἐρήμοις τόποις in lonely places Mk 1:45; ἦν παρὰ τὴν θάλασσαν he stayed by the lakeside 5:21.

ⓑ involving humans or transcendent beings: w. adv. ἔμπροσθέν τινος Lk 14:2. ἔναντί τινος Ac 8:21; ἐνώπιόν τινος Lk 14:10; Ac 4:19; 1 Pt 3:4; Rv 7:15; ἐντός τινος Lk 17:21; ἐγγύς τινος J 11:18; 19:20; Ro 10:8 (Dt 30:14).—W. prep. ἐν τινί equiv. to ἔκ τινος εἶναι be among Mt 27:56; cp. Mk 15:40; Ro 1:6. Of God, who is among his people 1 Cor 14:25 (Is 45:14; Jer 14:9); of the Spirit J 14:17. Of persons under Christ’s direction: ἐν θεῷ 1J 2:5; 5:20 (s. Norden, Agn. Th. 23, 1). ἔν τινι rest upon, arise from someth. (Aristot., Pol. 7, 1, 3 [1323b, 1] ἐν ἀρετῇ; Sir 9:16) Ac 4:12; 1 Cor 2:5; Eph 5:18.—εἴς τινα be directed, inclined toward Ac 23:30; 2 Cor 7:15; 1 Pt 1:21.—κατά w. gen. be against someone (Sir 6:12) Mt 12:30; Mk 9:40 and Lk 9:50 (both opp. ὑπέρ); Gal 5:23.—σύν τινι be with someone (Jos., Ant. 7, 181) Lk 22:56; 24:44; Ac 13:7; accompany, associate w. someone Lk 8:38; Ac 4:13; 22:9; take sides with someone (X., Cyr. 5, 4, 37; 7, 5, 77; Jos., Ant. 11, 259 [of God]) Ac 14:4.—πρός τινα be with someone Mt 13:56; Mk 6:3; J 1:1f. I am to be compared w. IMg 12.—μετά and gen. be with someone (Judg 14:11) Mt 17:17; Mk 3:14; 5:18; J 3:26; 12:17; ἔστω μεθʼ ὑμῶν εἰρήνη AcPlCor 2:40; of God, who is with someone (Gen 21:20; Judg 6:13 al.; Philo, Det. Pot. Ins. 4; Jos., Ant. 6, 181; 15, 138) Lk 1:66; J 3:2; 8:29; Ac 10:38 al.; also be with in the sense be favorable to, in league with (Ex 23:2) Mt 12:30; Lk 11:23; of punishment attending a pers. τὸ πῦρ ἐστι μετʼ αὐτοῦ AcPlCor 2:37.—παρά and gen. come from someone (X., An. 2, 4, 15; Just., D. 8, 4 ἔλεος παρὰ θεοῦ) fr. God J 6:46; 7:29; w. dat. be with, among persons Mt 22:25; Ac 10:6. W. neg. be strange to someone, there is no … in someone Ro 2:11; 9:14; Eph 6:9.—ὑπέρ w. gen. be on one’s side Mk 9:4 and Lk 9:50 (both opp. κατά); w. acc. be superior to (Sir 25:10; 30:16) Lk 6:40.

ⓒ of condition or circumstance: κατά w. acc. live in accordance with (Sir 28:10; 43:8; 2 Macc 9:20) κατὰ σάκρα, πνεῦμα Ro 8:5. οὐκ ἔστιν κατὰ ἄνθρωπον not human (in origin) Gal 1:11.—Fig. ὑπό w. acc. be under (the power of) someth. Ro 3:9; 6:14f; Gal 3:10, 25.—W. ἐν of existing ἐν τῷ θεῷ εἶναι of humankind: have its basis of existence in God Ac 17:28. Of states of being: ἐν δόξῃ 2 Cor 3:8; ἐν εἰρήνῃ Lk 11:21; ἐν ἔχθρᾳ at enmity 23:12; ἐν κρίματι under condemnation vs. 40. ἐν ῥύσει αἵματος suffer from hemorrhages Mk 5:25; Lk 8:43 (cp. Soph., Aj. 271 ἦν ἐν τῇ νόσῳ; cp. TestJob 35:1 ἐν πληγαῖς πολλαῖς). Periphrastically for an adj. ἐν ἐξουσίᾳ authoritative Lk 4:32. ἐν βάρει important 1 Th 2:7. ἐν τῇ πίστει true believers, believing 2 Cor 13:5. Be involved in someth. ἐν ἑορτῇ be at the festival=take part in it J 2:23. ἐν τούτοις ἴσθι devote yourself to these things 1 Ti 4:15 (cp. X., Hell. 4, 8, 7 ἐν τοιούτοις ὄντες=occupied w. such things; Jos., Ant. 2, 346 ἐν ὕμνοις ἦσαν=they occupied themselves w. the singing of hymns).—Fig., live in the light 1J 2:9; cp. vs. 11; 1 Th 5:4; in the flesh Ro 7:5; 8:8; AcPlCor 1:6. ἐν οἷς εἰμι in the situation in which I find myself Phil 4:11 (X., Hell. 4, 2, 1; Diod S 12, 63, 5; 12, 66, 4; Appian, Hann. 55 §228 ἐν τούτοις ἦν=he was in this situation; Jos., Ant. 7, 232 ἐν τούτοις ἦσαν=found themselves in this sit.; TestJob 35:6 ἐν τίνι ἐστίν; s. ZPE VIII 170). ἐν πολλοῖς ὢν ἀστοχήμασι AcPlCor 2:1. Of characteristics, emotions, etc. ἔν τινί ἐστιν, e.g. ἀδικία J 7:18; ἄγνοια Eph 4:18; ἀλήθεια J 8:44; 2 Cor 11:10 (cp. 1 Macc 7:18); ἁμαρτία 1J 3:5.

ⓓ of time ἐγγύς of καιρός be near Mt 26:18; Mk 13:28. πρὸς ἑσπέραν ἐστίν it is toward evening Lk 24:29 (Just., D. 137, 4 πρὸς δυσμὰς … ὁ ἥλιός ἐστι).

④ to be alive in a period of time, live, denoting temporal existence (Hom., Trag., Thu. et al.; Sir 42:21; En 102:5 Philo, De Jos. 17; Jos., Ant. 7, 254) εἰ ἤμεθα ἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις τῶν πατέρων ἡμῶν if we had lived in the days of our fathers Mt 23:30. ὅτι οὐκ εἰσὶν because they were no more 2:18 (Jer 38:15). ἦσαν ἐπὶ χρόνον ἱκανόν (those who were healed and raised by Christ) remained alive for quite some time Qua.

⑤ to be the time at which someth. takes place w. indications of specific moments or occasions, be (X., Hell. 4, 5, 1, An. 4, 3, 8; Sus 13 Theod.; 1 Macc 6:49; 2 Macc 8:26; Jos., Ant. 6, 235 νουμηνία δʼ ἦν; 11, 251): ἦν ὥρα ἕκτη it was the sixth hour (=noon acc. to Jewish reckoning) Lk 23:44; J 4:6; 19:14.—Mk 15:25; J 1:39. ἦν ἑσπέρα ἤδη it was already evening Ac 4:3. πρωί̈ J 18:28. ἦν παρασκευή Mk 15:42. ἦν ἑορτὴ τῶν Ἰουδαίων J 5:1. σάββατόν ἐστιν vs. 10 et al. Short clauses (as Polyaenus 4, 9, 2 νὺξ ἦν; 7, 44, 2 πόλεμος ἦν; exc. 36, 8 ἦν ἀρίστου ὥρα; Jos., Ant. 19, 248 ἔτι δὲ νὺξ ἦν) χειμὼν ἦν J 10:22; ἦν δὲ νύξ (sim. Jos., Bell. 4, 64) 13:30; ψύχος it was cold 18:18; καύσων ἔσται it will be hot Lk 12:55.

⑥ to take place as a phenomenon or event, take place, occur, become, be, be in (Hom., Thu. et al.; LXX; En 104:5; 106:6.—Cp. Just., D. 82, 2 of Christ’s predictions ὅπερ καὶ ἔστι ‘which is in fact the case’.) ἔσται θόρυβος τοῦ λαοῦ a popular uprising Mk 14:2. γογγυσμὸς ἦν there was (much) muttering J 7:12. σχίσμα there was a division 9:16; 1 Cor 1:10; 12:25. ἔριδες … εἰσίν quarrels are going on 1:11. δεῖ αἱρέσεις εἶναι 11:19. θάνατος, πένθος, κραυγή, πόνος ἔσται Rv 21:4. ἔσονται λιμοὶ κ. σεισμοί Mt 24:7. Hence τὸ ἐσόμενον what was going to happen (Sir 48:25) Lk 22:49. πότε ταῦτα ἔσται; when will this happen? Mt 24:3. πῶς ἔσται τοῦτο; how can this be? Lk 1:34. Hebraistically (הָיָה; s. KBeyer, Semitische Syntax im NT, ’62, 63–65) καὶ ἔσται w. fut. of another verb foll. and it will come about that Ac 2:17 (Jo 3:1); 3:23 (w. δέ); Ro 9:26 (Hos 2:1).—W. dat. ἐστί τινι happen, be granted, come, to someone (X., An. 2, 1, 10; Jos., Ant. 11, 255; Just., D. 8, 4 σοὶ … ἔλεος ἔσται παρὰ θεοῦ) Mt 16:22; Mk 11:24; Lk 2:10; GJs 1:1; 4:3; 8:3; τί ἐστίν σοι τοῦτο, ὅτι what is the matter with you, that GJs 17:2.—Of becoming or turning into someth. become someth. εἰς χολὴν πικρίας εἶναι become bitter gall Ac 8:23. εἰς σάρκα μίαν Mt 19:5; Mk 10:8; 1 Cor 6:16; Eph 5:31 (all Gen 2:24. Cp. Syntipas p. 42, 24 οὐκ ἔτι ἔσομαι μετὰ σοῦ εἰς γυναῖκα); τὰ σκολιὰ εἰς εὐθείας Lk 3:5 (Is 40:4); εἰς πατέρα 2 Cor 6:18; Hb 1:5 (2 Km 7:14; 1 Ch 22:10; 28:6); εἰς τὸ ἕν 1J 5:8.— Serve as someth. (IPriene 50, 39 [c. II B.C.] εἶναι εἰς φυλακὴν τ. πόλεως; Aesop., Fab. 28 H.=18 P.; 26 Ch.; 18 H-H. εἰς ὠφέλειαν; Gen 9:13; s. also εἰς 4d) 1 Cor 14:22; Col 2:22; Js 5:3.—Of something being ἀνεκτότερον ἔσται it will be more tolerable τινί for someone Lk 10:12, 14.

⑦ to exist as possibility ἔστιν w. inf. foll. it is possible, one can (Περὶ ὕψους 6; Diog. L. 1, 110 ἔστιν εὑρεῖν=one can find; Just., A I, 59, 10 ἔστι ταῦτα ἀκοῦσαι καὶ μαθεῖν; D. 42, 3 ἰδεῖν al.; Mel., P. 19, 127); neg. οὐκ ἔστιν νῦν λέγειν it is not possible to speak at this time Hb 9:5. οὐκ ἔστιν φαγεῖν it is impossible to eat 1 Cor 11:20 (so Hom. et al.; UPZ 70, 23 [152/151 B.C.] οὐκ ἔστι ἀνακύψαι με πώποτε … ὑπὸ τῆς αἰσχύνης; 4 Macc 13:5; Wsd 5:10; Sir 14:16; 18:6; EpJer 49 al.; EpArist 163; Jos., Ant. 2, 335; Ath. 22, 3 ἔστιν εἰπεῖν).

⑧ to have a point of derivation or origin, be,/come from somewhere ἐκ τῆς ἐξουσίας Ἡρῴδου from Herod’s jurisdiction Lk 23:7; ἐκ Ναζαρέτ (as an insignificant place) J 1:46; ἐκ τῆς γῆς 3:31; ἐκ γυναικός 1 Cor 11:8 al. ἐξ οὐρανοῦ, ἐξ ἀνθρώπων be of heavenly (divine), human descent Mt 21:25; Mk 11:30; Lk 20:4. Be generated by (cp. Sb 8141, 21f [ins I B.C.] οὐδʼ ἐκ βροτοῦ ἤεν ἄνακτος, ἀλλὰ θεοῦ μεγάλου ἔκγονος; En 106:6) Mt 1:20. Esp. in Johannine usage ἐκ τοῦ διαβόλου εἶναι originate from the devil J 8:44; 1J 3:8. ἐκ τοῦ πονηροῦ 3:12; ἐκ τοῦ κόσμου J 15:19; 17:14, 16; 1J 4:5. ἐκ τῆς ἀληθείας εἶναι 2:21; J 18:37 etc. Cp. 9 end.

⑨ to belong to someone or someth. through association or genetic affiliation, be, belong w. simple gen. (X., Hell. 2, 4, 36; Iambl., Vi. Pyth. 33, 230 τῶν Πυθαγορείων) οἱ τῆς ὁδοῦ ὄντες those who belong to the Way Ac 9:2. εἰμὶ Παύλου I belong to Paul 1 Cor 1:12; 3:4; cp. Ro 8:9; 2 Cor 10:7; 1 Ti 1:20; Ac 23:6. ἡμέρας εἶναι belong to the day 1 Th 5:8, cp. vs. 5. W. ἔκ τινος 1 Cor 12:15f; Mt 26:73; Mk 14:69f; Lk 22:58 al. (cp. X., Mem. 3, 6, 17; oft LXX). ἐκ τοῦ ἀριθμοῦ τῶν δώδεκα belong to the twelve 22:3. ὅς ἐστιν ἐξ ὑμῶν who is a fellow-countryman of yours Col 4:9.—To belong through origin 2 Cor 4:7. Of Mary: ἦν τῆς φυλῆς τοῦ Δαυίδ was of David’s line GJs 10:1. Cp. 8 above.

⑩ to have someth. to do with someth. or someone, be. To denote a close relationship ἐξ ἔργων νόμου εἶναι rely on legal performance Gal 3:10. ὁ νόμος οὐκ ἔστιν ἐκ πίστεως the law has nothing to do with faith vs. 12.—To denote a possessor Mt 5:3, 10; l9:14; Mk 12:7; Lk 18:16; 1 Cor 6:19. Esp. of God who owns the Christian Ac 27:23; 1 Cor 3:23; 2 Ti 2:19 (Num 16:5). οὐδʼ εἶναι τὸν κόσμον θεοῦ, ἀλλὰ ἀγγέλων AcPlCor 1:15 (cp. Just., A II, 13, 4 ὅσα … καλῶς εἴρηται, ἡμῶν τῶν χριστιανῶν ἐστι).—W. possess. pron. ὑμετέρα ἐστὶν ἡ βασιλεία Lk 6:20. οὐκ ἔστιν ἐμὸν δοῦναι Mk 10:40 (cp. Just., A I, 4, 2 ὑμέτερον ἀγωνιᾶσαί ἐστι ‘it is a matter for your concern’).—To denote function (X., An. 2, 1, 4) οὐχ ὑμῶν ἐστιν it is no concern of yours Ac 1:7—Of quality παιδεία οὐ δοκεῖ χαρᾶς εἶναι discipline does not seem to be (partake of) joy Hb 12:11.—10:39.

⑪ as an auxiliary: very commonly the simple tense forms are replaced by the periphrasis εἶναι and the ptc. (B-D-F §352–55; Mlt. 225–27, 249; Mlt-H. 451f; Rdm.² 102, 105, 205; Kühner-G. I 38ff; Rob. 374–76, 1119f; CTurner, Marcan Usage: JTS 28, 1927 349–51; GKilpatrick, BT 7, ’56, 7f; very oft. LXX).

ⓐ (as in Hom et al.) w. the pf. ptc. to express the pf., plpf. and fut. pf. act. and pass. (s. Mayser 329; 377) ἦσαν ἐληλυθότες they had come Lk 5:17. ἦν αὐτῶν ἡ καρδία πεπωρωμένη their hearts were hardened Mk 6:52. ἠλπικότες ἐσμέν we have set our hope 1 Cor 15:19. ὁ καιρὸς συνεσταλμένος ἐστίν the time has become short 7:29. ἦν ἑστώς (En 12:3) he was standing (more exactly he took his stand) Lk 5:1.

ⓑ w. pres. ptc. (B-D-F §353).

α. to express the pres. ἐστὶν προσαναπληροῦσα τὰ ὑστερήματα supplies the wants 2 Cor 9:12 (Just., A I, 26, 5 Μαρκίων … καὶ νῦν ἔτι ἐστὶ διδάσκων; Mel., P. 61, 441 ἐστὶν … κηρυσσόμενον).

β. impf. or aor. ἦν καθεύδων he was sleeping Mk 4:38. ἦσαν ἀναβαίνοντες … ἦν προάγων 10:32; cp. Lk 1:22; 5:17; 11:14 al. (JosAs 1:3 ἦν συνάγων τὸν σίτον; Mel., P. 80, 580 ἦσθα εὐφραινόμενος). ἦν τὸ φῶς τὸ ἀλήθινόν … ἐρχόμενον εἰς τὸν κόσμον the true light entered the world J 1:9, w. ἦν introducing a statement in dramatic contrast to the initial phrase of vs. 8.—To denote age (Demetr.: 722 Fgm. 1, 2 al. Jac.; POxy 275, 9 [66 A.D.] οὐδέπω ὄντα τῶν ἐτῶν; Tob 14:11) Mk 5:42; Lk 3:23; Ac 4:22; GJs 12:3.—Mussies 304–6.

γ. fut. ἔσῃ σιωπῶν you will be silent Lk 1:20; cp. 5:10; Mt 24:9; Mk 13:13; Lk 21:17, 24 al.; 2 Cl 17:7 Bihlm. (the child) shall serve him (God).

ⓒ w. aor. ptc. as plpf. (Aelian, NA 7, 11; Hippiatr. 34, 14, vol. I p. 185, 3 ἦν σκευάσας; ISyriaW 2070b ἦν κτίσας; AcThom 16; 27 [Aa II/2 p. 123, 2f; p. 142, 10]; B-D-F §355 m.—JVogeser, Z. Sprache d. griech. Heiligenlegenden, diss. Munich 1907, 14; JWittmann, Sprachl. Untersuchungen zu Cosmas Indicopleustes, diss. Munich 1913, 20; SPsaltes, Gramm. d. byzant. Chroniken 1913, 230; Björck [διδάσκω end] 75; B-D-F §355). ἦν βληθείς had been thrown Lk 23:19; J 18:30 v.l.—GPt 6:23; 12:51. (Cp. Just., A II, 10, 2 διʼ εὑρέσεως … ἐστὶ πονηθέντα αὐτοῖς ‘they achieved through investigation’).

ⓓ Notice esp. the impersonals δέον ἐστίν it is necessary (Pla. et al.; POxy 727, 19; Sir praef. ln. 3; 1 Macc 12:11 δέον ἐστὶν καὶ πρέπον) Ac 19:36; εἰ δέον ἐστίν if it must be 1 Pt 1:6 (s. δεῖ 2a); 1 Cl 34:2; πρέπον ἐστίν it is appropriate (Pla. et al.; POxy 120, 24; 3 Macc 7:13) Mt 3:15; 1 Cor 11:13.

ⓔ In many cases the usage w. the ptc. serves to emphasize the duration of an action or condition (BGU 183, 25 ἐφʼ ὸ̔ν χρόνον ζῶσα ᾖ Σαταβούς); JosAs 2:1 ἦν … ἐξουθενοῦσα καὶ καταπτύουσα πάντα ἄνδρα). ἦν διδάσκων he customarily taught Mk 1:22; Lk 4:31; 19:47. ἦν θέλων he cherished the wish 23:8. ἦσαν νηστεύοντες they were keeping the fast Mk 2:18. ἦσαν συλλαλοῦντες they were conversing for a while 9:4. ἦν προσδεχόμενος he was waiting for (the kgdm.) 15:43. ἦν συγκύπτουσα she was bent over Lk 13:11.

ⓕ to emphasize the adjectival idea inherent in the ptc. rather than the concept of action expressed by the finite verb ζῶν εἰμι I am alive Rv 1:18. ἦν ὑποτασσόμενος he was obedient Lk 2:51. ἦν ἔχων κτήματα πολλά he was very rich Mt 19:22; Mk 10:22. ἴσθι ἐξουσίαν ἔχων you shall have authority Lk 19:17 (Lucian, Tim. 35 ἴσθι εὐδαιμονῶν). ἦν καταλλάσσων (God) was reconciling 2 Cor 5:19 (cp. Mel., P. 83, 622 οὗτος ἦν ὁ ἐκλεξάμενός σε; Ath. 15, 2 οὗτός ἐστιν ὁ … καρπούμενος).—LMcGaughy, Toward a Descriptive Analysis of ΕΙΝΑΙ as a Linking Verb in the Gk. NT, diss. Vanderbilt, ’70 (s. esp. critique of treatment of εἰμί in previous edd. of this lexicon pp. 12–15).—Mlt. 228. B. 635. DELG. M-M. EDNT. TW. Sv.

Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > εἰμί
10 ἔρχομαι

ἔρχομαι impv. ἔρχου, ἔρχεσθε; impf. ἠρχόμην; fut. ἐλεύσομαι; 2 aor. ἦλθον, and the mixed forms ἦλθα (W-S. §13, 13; B-D-F §81, 3; Mlt-H. 208f), ἤλθοσαν (LXX; TestAbr A 20 p. 103, 12 [Stone p. 54]), ἤλθωσαν (GJs 21:1; ἤλθωσιν17:3; s. deStrycker p. 246f); pf. ἐλήλυθα; plpf. 3 sg. ἐληλύθει 3 Km 10:10, 12 (Hom.+). This multipurpose marker is not readily susceptible to precise classification, but the following outline of usage covers the principal lines:

① of movement from one point to another, with focus on approach from the narrator’s perspective, come

ⓐ of movement itself

α. abs. ἔρχου καὶ ἔρχεται Mt 8:9; Lk 7:8; cp. Mt 22:3; Lk 14:17; J 5:7; Ac 10:29; 1 Cor 11:34; Rv 8:3 al. κραυγὴ γέγονεν• ἰδοὺ ὁ νυμφίος ἔρχεται Mt 25:6 v.l. (Jos., Bell. 5, 272 βοῶντες• ὁ υἱὸς ἔρχεται). οἱ ἐρχόμενοι καὶ οἱ ὑπάγοντες Mk 6:31. ἦλθε δρομέως came on the run AcPl Ha 4, 30 (TestAbr A 5 p. 82, 24 [Stone p. 12] ἦλθεν δρομαία ἐπʼ αὐτούς=Sarah came to them on the run). Also w. the specif. mng. come back, return (Hom. et al.; Bar 4:37; 1 Esdr 5:8; Tob 2:3 BA) J 4:27; 9:7; Ro 9:9; of Joseph GJs 16:2 (foll. by κατέβη of Mary; both Joseph and Mary ‘return’ from an uninhabited area). Come before the judgment-seat of God 2 Cl 9:4. Come in a hostile sense Lk 11:22 P⁷⁵ et al. (cp. X., Hellenica 6, 5, 43).

β. used w. prepositions: ἀπό w. gen. of place (Herodian 1, 17, 8 ἀ. τοῦ λουτροῦ; ἀ. βορρᾶς PsSol 11:3; ἀ. τῆς μεγάλης πόλεως TestAbr A 2 p. 78, 30 [Stone p. 4]) Mk 7:1; 15:21; Ac 18:2; 2 Cor 11:9; w. gen. of pers. Mk 5:35; J 3:2b; Gal 2:12.—ἐκ w. gen. of place Lk 5:17; J 3:31b.—εἰς w. acc. of place into Mt 2:11; 8:14; 9:1; Mk 1:29; 5:38; Lk 23:42 (cp. 1bα below, end); J 11:30; εἰς Κόρινθον AcPl Ha 6, 2 (εἰς τὸν παράδεισον TestAbr A 11 p. 90, 1 [Stone p. 28]). to, toward J 11:38; 20:3. εἰς τὸ πέραν Mt 8:28; 16:5. εἰς τ. ἑορτήν to the festival, i.e. to celebrate it J 4:45b; 11:56. ἐκ … εἰς J 4:54.—διά w. gen. of place and εἰς Mk 7:31; ὁ … ἐρχόμενος διᾶ τῆς θύρας one who enters by the gate 10:2 (P⁷⁵).—μετά w. gen. of pers. ἵνα ἔλθῶ μετʼ αὐτοῦ ἐν τῇ δόξη τοῦ πατρὸς αὐτοῦ so that I might return with him in the glory of his Father AcPl Ha 10, 8. ἐν w. dat. of the thing w. which one comes Ro 15:29. ἐν ῥάβδῳ 1 Cor 4:21, also to denote the state of being in which one comes ἐν πνεύματι Lk 2:27; cp. Ro 15:32; w. dat. of the pers. who accompanies someone Jd 14.—ἐπί w. acc. of place over Mt 14:28, to (JosAs 26:5; ParJer 8:4; Jos., Ant. 7, 16; Just., D. 88, 3) Lk 19:5; Ac 12:10, 12; w. acc. of thing to (PTor I, 1; II, 29 [116 B.C.] ἔρχεσθαι ἐπὶ τὸ κριτήριον; Jos., Ant. 12, 395) Mt 3:7; Mk 11:13b; w. acc. of pers. to (ἐπὶ γυναῖκα Just., A I, 33, 3) J 19:33; Ac 24:8 v.l.; against Lk 14:31 (1 Macc 5:39 ἔρχ. ἐπί τινα εἰς πόλεμον; Jos., Ant. 7, 233; Mel., P. 17, 114).—κατά w. acc. of place to Lk 10:33; Ac 16:7; AcPl Ha 2, 5.—παρά w. acc. of place to Mt 15:29; w. gen. of pers. from Lk 8:49.—πρός w. acc. of pers. to (X., Mem. 1, 2, 27; En 106:4; JosAs 3:6; Jos., Ant. 2, 106; 11, 243; Just., D. 77, 4) Mt 3:14; 7:15; Mk 9:14; Lk 1:43; J 1:29, 47; 2 Cor 13:1 and oft. ἀπό τινος (gen. of pers.) πρός τινα 1 Th 3:6.

γ. w. an adverb of place ἄνωθεν ἔ. J 3:31. ἐκεῖ 18:3. ἐνθάδε 4:16. ὄπισθεν Mk 5:27. πόθεν (Jdth 10:12) J 3:8; 8:14; Rv 7:13. ποῦ Hb 11:8. ὧδε Mt 8:29; Ac 9:21 (ApcEsdr 5:10; ApcSed 9:4; cp. ParJer 7:16 ἐνταῦθα. The adv. w. a case funct. as prep. ἄχρι τινός Ac 11:5. ἐγγύς τινος Hv 4, 1, 9. ἕως τινός Lk 4:42 (ApcMos 34 ἐλθὲ ἕως ἐμοῦ).

δ. w. a case, without a prep.: dat. of pers. come to someone (Aeschyl., Prom. 358; Thu. 1, 13, 3; X., An. 7, 7, 30; BGU 1041, 16 [II A.D.] ὅτι ἔρχομαί σοι) Mt 21:5 (Zech 9:9); Rv 2:5, 16.

ε. The purpose of coming is expressed by an inf. (Eur., Med. 1270, also Palaeph. p. 62, 12; 1 Macc 16:22; Bel 40 Theod.; 1 Esdr 1:23; 5:63; TestSol 5 D ἦλθε θεάσασθαι; TestAbr B 5 p. 109, 21 [Stone p. 66] ἔρχομαι … κοιμηθῆναι; Just., D. 78, 7 ὸ̔ν ἐληλύθεισαν προσκυνῆσαι) Mt 2:2; 12:42; Mk 15:36; Lk 1:59; 3:12 al.; by a fut. ptc. (Hom. et al.) Mt 27:49; Ac 8:27; by a pres. ptc. Lk 13:6 (TestJob 9:8 αἰτοῦντες); by ἵνα J 10:10; 12:9b (TestJob 34:5; ApcMos 29); εἰς τοῦτο ἵνα Ac 9:21; διά τινα J 12:9a.

ζ. Single forms of ἔ. are used w. other verbs to denote that a person, in order to do someth., must first come to a certain place: in parataxis ἔρχεται καί, ἦλθεν καί etc. (Ex 19:7; 2 Km 13:36; 2 Esdr 5:16; JosAs 10:6; TestJob 8:3; ApcMos 37) Mt 13:19, 25; Mk 2:18; 4:15; 5:33; 6:29; 12:9; 14:37; Lk 8:12, 47; J 6:15; 11:48; 12:22; 19:38; 20:19, 26; 21:13; 3J 3; Rv 5:7; 17:1; 21:9. ἔρχου καὶ ἴδε J 1:46; 11:34. ἔρχεσθε καὶ ὄψεσθε 1:39. A ptc. of ἔ. followed by a finite verb ἐλθών (Hdt. 2, 115; LXX; TestJob 7:1; Just., D. 8, 4 al.) Mt 2:8; 8:7; 9:10, 18 (cp. εἷς 3b; προσέρχομαι 1a); 12:44; 14:12; 18:31; 27:64; 28:13; Mk 7:25; 12:14, 42; 14:45; 16:1; Ac 16:37, 39. ἐρχόμενος Lk 13:14; 16:21; 18:5. The participial constr. is best transl. come and. In some pass. ἐλθών is to be rendered when (someone) has come J 16:8; 2 Cor 12:20; Phil 1:27 (opp. ἀπών).—Instead of the transcription ]λη λυθεισα POxy 1081, 3, read after the Coptic SJCh 88, 19–89, 1: ἐ]ληλύθεισαν.

ⓑ of making an appearance come before the public, appear (cp. ἦλθον εἰς τόνδε τὸν κόσμον ‘I was born’ Ar. 1, 1).

α. of Jesus as Messiah Lk 3:16; J 4:25; 7:27, 31, who for this reason (on the basis of pass. like Ps 117:26; Hab 2:3; Da 7:13 Theod.) is called ὁ ἐρχόμενος Mt 11:3; Lk 7:19f; Hb 10:37 (Hab 2:3), or ὁ ἐρχόμενος ἐν ὀνόματι κυρίου Mt 21:9; 23:39; Mk 11:9; Lk 13:35; 19:38; J 12:13 (in all cases Ps 117:26); also in John, in whose writings the idea of Jesus having come heaven-sent to the earth is of considerable importance J 16:28: (ὁ προφήτης) ὁ ἐρχόμενος εἰς τ. κόσμον J 6:14; 11:27 (cp. ἐρχόμενος εἰς τ. κόσμον ἐπὶ τὸ ὄρος τῶν ἐλαιῶν ParJer 9:20). Of the appearance of Jesus among humans (s. Harnack, ‘Ich bin gekommen’: ZTK 22, 1912, 1–30; AFrövig, D. Sendungsbewusstsein Jesu u. d. Geist 1924, 129ff) Mt 11:19; Lk 7:34; J 5:43; 7:28; 8:42. Foll. by the inf. of purpose Mt 5:17; 10:34f; Lk 19:10. W. ἵνα foll. J 10:10b (ἦλθον, as here, Herm. Wr. 1, 30). W. εἰς τ. κόσμον and ἵνα foll. 12:46; 18:37; εἰς κρίμα, ἵνα 9:39; w. inf. foll. 1 Ti 1:15. ἔ. ἐν σαρκί come in the flesh 1J 4:2; 2J 7; B 5:10f. εἰς σάρκα AcPlCor 1:14. ἔ διʼ ὕδατος καὶ αἵματος 1J 5:6 w. the continuation ἐν τ. ὕδατι καὶ ἐν τ. αἵματι (on the mng. of the prep. s. B-D-F §223, 3; 198, 4). ὀπίσω w. gen. come after of Christ in relation to his forerunner Mt 3:11; Mk 1:7; J 1:15, 27, 30. The idea of coming is even plainer in connection w. the coming of the Human One (Son of Man), the return of Jesus fr. his heavenly home Mt 10:23; Ac 1:11 (opp. πορεύεσθαι); 1 Cor 4:5; 11:26; 2 Th 1:10 (Just., D. 28, 2 al.). W. ἐν τῇ δόξῃ Mt 16:27; 25:31; Mk 8:38; Lk 9:26 (cp. ἔνδοξος … ἐλεύσεται Just., D. 49, 2). ἐπὶ τ. νεφελῶν μετὰ δυνάμεως καὶ δόξης Mt 24:30 (Just., D. 31, 1). ἐν νεφέλαις, νεφέλῃ etc. Mk 13:26; Lk 21:27. ἐν τ. βασιλείᾳ αὐτοῦ in his kingdom Mt 16:28; Lk 23:42 v.l.

β. of forerunners of the Messiah and those who identify themselves as such: Elijah Mt 11:14; 17:10, 11, 12; Mk 9:11, 12, 13 (Just., D. 49, 1); John the Baptist Mt 11:18; Lk 7:33; J 1:31; w. εἰς μαρτυρίαν for testimony 1:7. Others, including false messiahs, false teachers, and an antichrist Mt 24:5; Mk 13:6; Lk 21:8 (ἐπὶ τ. ὀνόματί μου calling on my name); J 10:8; 2 Cor 11:4; 2 Pt 3:3; 1J 2:18.

② to proceed on a course, with destination in view, go (Hom. et al.; LXX) ὀπίσω τινός go with (lit. ‘after’) someone fig., of a disciple Mt 16:24; Mk 8:34 v.l.; Lk 9:23; 14:27. ἐπί τι go to someth. Mt 21:19; Mk 11:13a (w. indir. quest. foll.). πρός τινα Lk 15:20. σύν τινι J 21:3. ἔ. ὁδόν go on a journey (Hom. et al.) Lk 2:44. S. also 1bα above.

③ to change place or position, with implication of being brought, be brought (Hom. et al.; Thu. 6, 71, 2 χρήματα; Arrian, Anab. 2, 13, 5 ἀγγελία et al.) ὁ λύχνος the lamp is brought Mk 4:21. Sim. ἐλθούσης τ. ἐντολῆς when the commandment came Ro 7:9.

④ to take place, come

ⓐ of time

α. of temporal increments ἔρχονται ἡμέραι in future sense (1 Km 2:31; Am 8:11) Lk 23:29; Hb 8:8 (Jer 38:31); ἐλεύσονται ἡμ. Mt 9:15; Mk 2:20; Lk 5:35; 17:22; 21:6 (TestSol 13:7 C; Just., D. 40, 2). ἦλθεν ἡ ἡμέρα 22:7; Rv 6:17.—ἔρχεται ὥρα ὅτε the time is coming when J 4:21, 23; 5:25; 16:25; also ἔ. ὥρα ἐν ᾗ J 5:28; ἔ. ὥρα ἵνα 16:2, 32. ἦλθεν ἡ ὥρα the hour has come = the hour is here Mk 14:41b; J 16:4; Rv 14:7, 15; w. ἵνα foll. J 13:1 (ἥκω P66). ἐλήλυθεν ἡ ὥ. ἵνα 12:23; 16:32; without ἵνα 17:1; cp. 7:30; 8:20.—ἔρχεται νύξ 9:4 (Appian, Bell. Civ. 2, 40 §159 νυκτὸς ἐρχομένης). ἡμέρα κυρίου 1 Th 5:2. καιροί Ac 3:20 (GrBar 8:1 ὁ καιρός). τὸ πλήρωμα τ. χρόνου Gal 4:4.

β. of events and situations that are connected w. a certain time ὁ θερισμός J 4:35. ὁ γάμος τ. ἀρνίου Rv 19:7. ἡ κρίσις 18:10. So also the ptc. ἐρχόμενος coming, future, imminent: αἰὼν ἐ. (=הָעוֹלָם הַבָּא) the age to come Mk 10:30; Lk 18:30; ἑορτὴ ἐ. the coming festival Ac 18:21 v.l.; σάββατον ἐ. 13:44; ὀργὴ ἐ. the wrath which will be revealed (at the Judgment) 1 Th 1:10. τὰ ἐρχόμενα what is to come (Is 44:7 τὰ ἐπερχόμενα) J 16:13. Of God in Rv ὁ ὢν κ. ὁ ἦν κ. ὁ ἐρχόμενος 1:4, 8; 4:8.

ⓑ of events and circumstances

α. of natural or sensory phenomena (Hom. et al.; also TestAbr A 19 p. 102, 10 [Stone p. 52]; βροντῆς … καὶ ἀστραπῆς ἐλθούσης; ApcEsdr 5:7 νεφέλη) ποταμοί Mt 7:25, 27. κατακλυσμός Lk 17:27. λιμός Ac 7:11. Of rain ἔ. ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς come upon the earth Hb 6:7. Sim. of the coming down of birds fr. the air Mt 13:4, 32; Mk 4:4; of a voice resounding fr. heaven ἦλθεν φωνὴ ἐκ τ. οὐρανοῦ J 12:28 (Test Abr A 10 p. 88, 15 and 14 p. 94, 25 [Stone p. 24; p. 36]; Just., D. 88, 8; cp. Il. 10, 139; En 13:8; TestSol 1:3 VW; TestJob 3:1; ParJer 9:12; ApcEsdr 7:13).

β. of transcendent and moral-spiritual phenomena: of spiritual coming of God come, appear J 14:23; of Christ ibid. and vss. 3, 18, 28; of the Paraclete 15:26; 16:7, 13.—ἡ ἀποστασία 2 Th 2:3. ἡ βασιλεία τ. θεοῦ Mt 6:10; Lk 11:2 (MBurrows, JBL 74, ’55, 1–8); 17:20; 22:18 al.; 1 Cl 42:3.—τ. σκάνδαλα Mt 18:7; Lk 17:1. τὰ ἀγαθά Ro 3:8 (cp. Jer. 17:6). τὸ τέλειον 1 Cor 13:10. ἡ πίστις Gal 3:23, 25.

⑤ ἐ. in var. prepositional combinations ἔ. ἐκ τ. θλίψεως have suffered persecution Rv 7:14. ἔ. εἰς τὸ χεῖρον Mk 5:26 (Witkowski no. 36, 12=White no. 35 τοῦ παιδίου εἰς τὰ ἔσχατα ἐληλυθότος of a child in desperate circumstances; TestAbr A 20 p. 102, 27 [Stone p. 52] εἰς θάνατον ἔρχονται). εἰς τοσαύτην ἀπόνοιαν, ὥστε 1 Cl 46:7 (Hyperid. 2, 5 εἰς τοῦτο ἀπονοίας ἔ., ὥστε). εἰς πειρασμόν Mk 14:38 (cp. Himerius, Or. 48 [Or. 14], 19 εἰς ἐπιθυμίαν ἐλθεῖν). εἰς ἀπελεγμόν Ac 19:27. εἰς τὴν ὥραν ταύτην J 12:27. ἔ. εἰς κρίσιν submit to judgment (letter of Philip in Demosth. 12, 11; 16; ApcEsdr 2:26 ἔλθωμεν ὁμοῦ εἰς κρίσιν) 5:24. εἰς ἐπίγνωσιν 1 Ti 2:4; 2 Ti 3:7 (Polyb. 6, 9, 12; Appian, Mithr. 31 §123 ἔρχεσθαι ἐς γνῶσίν τινος; Cebes 12, 3 εἰς τὴν ἀληθινὴν παιδείαν ἐλθεῖν; TestSol 20:5 εἰς ἔννοιαν ἐλθεῖν; Just., D. 90, 1 οὐδʼ εἰς ἔννοιαν τούτου ἐλθεῖν). ἵνα ἔλθω εἰς τὴν ἐκ νεκρῶν ἀνάστασιν so that I might realize the resurrection of the dead (cp. ApcMos 10 εἰς τὴν ἡμέραν τῆς ἀναστάσεως) AcPlCor 2:35. εἰς φανερόν come to light Mk 4:22; Lk 8:17. εἰς προκοπήν result in furthering Phil 1:12 (cp. Wsd 15:5). ἔ. εἴς τι of the writer of a letter come to, i.e. deal with someth. (a new subject) 2 Cor 12:1 (cp. w. ἐπὶ Ar. 2:1 al.; Just., D. 42 ἐπὶ τὸν λόγον). εἰς ἑαυτόν come to oneself (=to one’s senses) (Diod S 13, 95, 2; Epict. 3, 1, 15; TestJos 3:9; GrBar 17:3; Sb 5763, 35) Lk 15:17. ἐπί τινα of serious misfortunes come over someone (Dt 28:15; Jos., Ant. 4, 128) J 18:4 (cp. PIand 21, 2 ἡμῶν τὰ ἐρχόμενα οὐκ οἶδα); tortures IRo 5:3; blood upon the murderers Mt 23:35; the Holy Spirit comes down upon someone (cp. Ezk 2:2; Just., D. 49, 7; 88, 1 ἐλεύσεσθαι ἐπʼ αὐτὸν τὰς δυνάμεις) Mt 3:16; Lk 11:2 v.l.; Ac 19:6; peace Mt 10:13; the wrath of God Eph 5:6; cp. Col 3:6; ἡ βασιλεία Lk 11:2 D; ἔ. πρὸς τ. Ἰησοῦν come to Jesus = become disciples of Jesus J 5:40; 6:35, 37, 44f, 65; πρὸς τ. πατέρα 14:6. ἔ. ὑπὸ τὸν ζυγόν 1 Cl 16:17 (cp. PsSol 18, 7f. ὑπὸ ῥάβδον παιδείας Χριστοῦ).—Not infreq. the pres. ἔρχομαι has the mng. of the fut.: Mt 17:11; Lk 12:54 (corresp. to καύσων ἔσται vs. 55); 19:13; J 14:3. Esp. also ἕως ἔρχομαι until I shall come J 21:22f; 1 Ti 4:13; Hs 5, 2, 2; 9, 10, 5; 6; 9, 11, 1. S. B-D-F §323; 383, 1; Rob. 869. S. also 4aα above.—B. 696. DELG. M-M. EDNT. TW.

Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > ἔρχομαι
11 χράω

χράω, 1) eigtl. die Oberfläche streifen, ritzen, leicht verwunden, daher überh. verletzen, plagen, angreifen; mit dem accus. der Person und folgendem infinit., τίπτε σὸς υἱὸς ἐμὸν ῥόον ἔχραε κήδειν sagt der Flußgott in Bezug auf den Hephästus, der seine Fluthen angreift, um ihn zu beschädigen; eben so τόδε δῶμα ἐχράετ' ἐσϑιέμεν καὶ πινέμεν, ihr fielet über das Haus her, um zu essen, Od. 21, 69; κακόν οἱ ἔχραε κοῖτον Nic. Ther. 315; bloß mit dem dat. der Person, auf Einen losstürzen, ihm Unglück bringen, Schaden zufügen, τίς τοι κακὸς ἔχραε δαίμων Od. 10, 64, στυγερὸς δέ οἱ ἔχραε δαίμων 5, 396; und so einzeln bei sp. D., πόνος οἱ ἔχραε Agath. 23 (V, 297). In dieser Bdtg scheint also nur das imperf. bei den ep. D. vorzukommen, uncontr. (eigtl. ΧΡΆFΩ, vgl. χραύω u. γράφω). – 2) χράω, ion. χρέω, χρέουσα Her. 7, 111, ep. χρείω, Od. 8, 79 h. Apoll. 396, fut. χρήσω u. s. w., im praes. contr. χρῶ, χρᾷς, χρᾷ, bei den Tragg. auch χρῇ, Herm. Soph. El. 35, wie ἐξέχρη O. C. 87, – das Nöthige, Erforderliche darreichen, geben, als Geschenk ertheilen, τινί τι, χρήσαι, χρήσαις, Her. 3, 58. 6, 89. 7, 38 (vgl. κίχρημι); im gew. Sprachgebrauche von den Göttern und ihren Orakeln, eine Antwort geben, einen Ausspruch thun, einen Götterspruch ertheilen oder verkündigen; ὡς γάρ οἱ χρείων μυϑήσατο Φοῖβος Od. 8, 79; ἱρέα χρῆσεν Pind. P. 4, 6, die Priesterinn verkündete das Orakel; τινί, Einem ein Orakel ertheilen, Theogn. 805; φρένες οἱ ἔχραον Pind. Ol. 7, 92; χρήσω βουλὴν Διὸς ἀνϑρώποισιν, ich will Zeus' Rathschluß den Menschen verkünden, H. h. Ap. 132; Her. 1, 55. 62. 174 u. sonst; sp. D., χρήσει νημερτῆ φάτιν Lycophr. 1051; seltner in attischer Prosa, τὸν Ἀπόλλω ταύτην τὴν γῆν χρῆσαι οἰκεῖν Thuc. 2, 102, τοῦ ἐν Δελφοῖς ϑεοῦ χρήσαντος 5, 32; Pol. 8, 30, 7; Tragg.: χρήσειν ἔοικεν ἀμφὶ τῶν αὑτῆς κακῶν Aesch. Ag. 1053; Λοξίαν, χρήσαντ' ἐμοί Ch. 1016; ἔχρησας, ὥςτε τὸν ξένον μητροκτονεῖν Eum. 193 ἔχρησα ποινὰς τοῦ πατρὸς πέμψαι 194, vgl. 765; χρῇ μοι τοιαῦϑ' ὁ Φοῖβος Soph. El. 35; σοὶ δ' οὐκ ἔχρησεν οὐδέν, ὧν ἔχεις κακῶν Eur. Hec. 1268; ἔχρησ' Ἀδράστῳ Λοξίας χρησμόν τινα Phoen. 412, u. öfter; ὁ γὰρ ϑεὸς μαντευομένῳ μοὔχρησεν ἐν Δελφοῖς ποτε Ar. Vesp. 159. Dah. – a) pass. aor. ἐχρήσϑην, vom Orakel ausgesprochen, verkündet werden; χρησϑὲν παλαίφατον Pind. Ol. 2, 43; τὸ χρησϑέν, der ertheilte Orakelspruch, Her. 1, 63. 7, 178; πεύϑου τὰ χρησϑέντα Soph. O. R. 604; Eur. Ion 792; τινός, über eine Sache, s. Schäf. Soph. O. C. 535, μαντεῖ' ἄγουσα πάντα, ἃ τοῦδ' ἐχρήσϑη σώματος; Her. vrbdt auch ἐχρήσϑησαν αἱ νέες, die Schiffe waren vom Orakel angedeutet, gemeint, 7, 144; Thuc. 3, 96. – Und b) im med., fut. χρήσομαι, perf. κέχρησμαι, auch κέχρημαι, Arist. rhet. 2, 23, Her. braucht im praes. χρέομαι und χρέωμαι, χρέονται und χρέωνται, χρεόμενος und χρεώμενος, χρέεσϑαι und χρᾶσϑαι, – sich von einem Gotte oder einem Orakel eine Antwort ertheilen lassen, dah. einen Gott od. ein Orakel befragen, sich einen göttlichen Bescheid einholen; ὅϑ' ὑπέρβη λάϊνον οὐδὸν χρησόμενος Od. 7, 81; h. Apoll. 252. 292; χρᾶσϑαι περί τινος, sich über Etwas ein Orakel einholen, Her. 4, 163. 7, 220. Gewöhnlich mit dem dat. des Gottes od. Orakels, bei dem man anfragt, sich von einem Gotte od. Orakel Rath od. Bescheid holen, ψυχῇ χρησομένους Θηβαίου Τειρεσίαο, Od. 10, 492. 565. 11, 265. 23, 323; μαντηΐῳ Her. 1, 47. 53. 157 u. sonst; ψευδῆ ὑπ' οἴκτου τοῖσι χρωμένοις λέγων Eur. Phoen. 964, vgl. 961; in welcher Vrbdg man auch die folgde Bdtg »sich des Orakels bedienen«, einen Gebrauch davon machen, finden kann (es kommen von dieser Bdtg die Wörter χρησμός, χρηστήρ u. abgeleitete); χρωμένῳ δὲ τῷ Κύλωνι ἐν Δελφοῖς ἀνεῖλεν ὁ ϑεός Thuc. 1, 126. – 3) med. χράομαι, ion. χρέομαι, imper. χρέω, Her. 1, 155, fut. χρήσομαι, aor. ἐχρησάμην, perf. κέχρημαι, das praes. u. impf. contrahirt in η statt α, χρῇ, χρῆται, χρῆσϑαι, – sich geben, darreichen lassen, dah. haben, gew. gebrauchen, sich bedienen, benutzen, genießen, c. dat. der Sache, deren man sich bedient, die man braucht; Hom. hat vom praes. nur das part., ἕξει μιν καὶ πέντε περιπλομένους ἐνιαυτοὺς χρεώμενος (dreisylbig zu sprechen), Il. 23, 834; außerdem nur übertr., φρεσὶ γὰρ κέχρητ' ἀγαϑῇσιν, Od. 3, 266. 14, 421. 16, 398, besaß guten od. klugen Sinn und machte davon bei seinem Handeln Gebrauch; so bei den Folgenden mit dieser zweifachen Beziehung, des Besitzes einer Sache u. des Gebrauchmachens u. Nutzens; Pind. δολίαις τέχναις χρησαμένη, N. 4, 58; ἐμοί γε χρώμενος διδασκάλῳ, mich zum Lehrer habend, Aesch. Prom. 322; ἑκὼν γὰρ οὐδεὶς δουλίῳ χρῆται ζυγῷ Ag. 927; Eum. 625; ἔνϑ' οὐ ποδὶ χρησίμῳ χρῆται Soph. O. R. 878; νόμῳ χρῆσϑαι Ant. 213; εὐμαρείᾳ χρώμενος πολλῇ Trach. 193; ὀργῇ χρωμένη O. R. 1241, im Zorn, von Zorn aufgeregt, wie ὀργῇ, ϑυμῷ χρῆσϑαι Her. 1, 137. 155; οὐκοῦν τόδ' αἰσχρόν, εἰ βλέποντι μὲν φίλῳ χρώμεσϑ', ἐπεὶ δὲ ὄλωλε, μὴ χρώμεσϑ' ἔτι Eur. Hec. 312, vgl. Hipp. 997; ὥς γ' ἐμοὶ χρῆσϑαι κριτῇ Eur. Alc. 804; El. 374; οὐδὲν τῇ δίκῃ χρῆσϑαι ϑέλει I. A. 316; ἀπλοίᾳ χρώμενοι I. A. 88, u. öfter; ἀληϑεῖ λόγῳ, ἀληϑείᾳ χρῆσϑαι, sich wahrhafter Rede, der Wahrheit bedienen, die Wahrheit reden, Her. 1, 14. 116. 7, 101 u. sonst; λόγοις βραχυτέροις καὶ φωνῇ ἡσυχαιτέρᾳ χρ., mit kürzeren Worten und ruhigerer Stimme reden, βοῇ καὶ κραυγῇ χρ., ein Geschrei erheben, schreien, Her. 4, 134; συμφορᾷ, συντυχίᾳ, εὐτυχίᾳ χρῆσϑαι, sich in einer Glückslage befinden, Glück haben, glücklich sein, 7, 41. 1, 68; μόρῳ, sterben, 1, 117; ὁμολογίᾳ, übereinstimmen, 1, 150. 4, 118; ὠνῇ καὶ πράσει χρῆσϑαι, kaufen und verkaufen, 1, 153; νιφετῷ χρῆσϑαι, mit Schnee zu thun haben, vom Schnee leiden, Her. 4, 50; ϑείῃ πομπῇ χρησάμενος, unter göttlichem Geleit, 1, 62. 4, 152; ἁρπαγῇ χρ. 1, 5; u. so oft als Umschreibung des in dem Hauptworte liegenden Verbums; auch haben wir im Deutschen andere Verba dafür in vielerlei Vrbdgn, χειμῶνι χρ., Stürme ausstehen, ναυαγίῳ χρῆσϑαι, Schiffbruch leiden u. vgl. mehr. – Bes. auch von einer Kunst, einer Wissenschaft, oder einem Handwerke Anwendung machen, im Ggstz der Theorie; so ist ὁ τὴν ἰατρικὴν κεκτημένος der sich im Besitze der theoretischen Heilkunde befindet, ὁ τῇ ἰατρικῇ χρώμενος der die Heilkunde praktisch ausübt, oder der Kranke, der seine Zuflucht zu ihr nimmt, vgl. Schäf. Mel. p. 18; so τέχνῃ, das Handwerk treiben, Lys. 23, 7; ἐὰν ὁ ῥήτωρ τῇ ῥητορικῇ ἀδίκως χρῆται, wenn er eine ungerechte Anwendung macht, Plat. Gorg. 460 d. – Aus der att. Prosa mögen noch folgde Vrbdgn erwähnt werden: ϑαλάσσῃ χρ., d. i. beschiffen, Thuc. 1, 3; Plut. Pericl. 26; γνώμῃ χρῆσϑαι, Lys. 18, 2 u. öfter; συμφορᾷ 13, 44, u. Folgde öfter, wie Plut. Thes. 6; λόγοις πιστοτέροις ἢ ὅρκοις χρώμενος Isocr. 4, 81; τοιαύταις διανοίαις 82; τῷ ἑτέρῳ χρῶ τρόπῳ πρός με, τῇ βραχυλογίᾳ Plat. Prot. 335 a; οὐ φϑόνῳ χρώμενοι πρὸς τὰ παιδικά Phaedr. 253 b; πρᾳότητι πρὸς ἀλλήλους χρώμενοι Critia. 120 e; τρόπων δυςτυχίᾳ χρώμενοι Legg. XI, 929 e; ταῖς τέχναις ταύταις παραπετάσμασιν ἐχρήσαντο, sie brauchten die Künste zum Vorwande, Prot. 216 e; οὐδὲ πίστει χρήσασϑαι μονίμῳ Rep. VI, 505 e; συντυχίᾳ Phaedr. 248 c; πανοῦργος ὢν ἄνϑρωπος καὶ δεινὸς χρῆσϑαι πράγμασι Dem. 1, 3, der sich in Alles zu finden weiß; χρῆσϑαι ἀσελγείᾳ καὶ ὕβρει πρὸς πάντας 21, 1, u. öfter; χρῆσϑαι τοῖς πράγμασιν, ὥς ποτ' αὐτῷ δοκεῖ συμφέρειν Pol. 1, 33, 5; ὁμιλίαις ταῖς τῶν ἄλλων κακαῖς κεχρῆσϑαι Plat. Rep. VIII, 550 b; u. so bes. von Personen, mit Einem Umgang oder Verkehr haben, Is. 4, 26; Einem gut oder übel begegnen, ihn so oder so behandeln, ὀρϑῶς χρῆται πατρί Plat. Legg. XI, 931 e; χρῆσϑαί τινι ὡς ἀνδρὶ ψεύστῃ, mit Einem wie mit einem Lügner umgehen, ihn wie einen Lügner behandeln, Her. 7, 209; χρῆσϑαί τινι ὡς φίλῳ, auch φιλικῶς χρῆσϑαί τινι, Einen als seinen Freund behandeln, u. χρῆσϑαί τινι ὡς πολεμίῳ, Einem als einem Feinde begegnen, während χρῆσϑαί τινι πολεμίῳ ist »Einen als einen Feind kennen lernen, zum Feinde haben«, Xen. Cyr. 3, 2,4, im Vergleich mit 7, 5,27; τοῖς ἐναντίοις κακίστοις 7, 1,17; τινὶ πιστοτάτῳ An. 4, 6,3; φίλῳ 7, 2,25; καί μοι ὥςπερ παιδὶ χρῇ Plat. Gorg. 499 c. Dah. παρέχειν ἑαυτὸν χρῆσϑαι ὅ τί τις βούλεται, Einen mit sich machen lassen, was er will, d. i. sich ihm unbedingt, auf Gnade und Ungnade ergeben, Plat. Theaet. 191 d; παραδότω τὸν δοῠλον ὁ κεκτημένος τῷ τρωϑέντι χρῆσϑαι ὅ τι ἂν ἐϑέλῃ Legg. IX, 879 a; u. ähnl. χρωμένους τῷ κτείναντι χρείαν ἣν ἂν ἐϑέλωσι IX, 868 b; παρέχειν ἑαυτὸν χρῆσϑαί τινι ὅ τι ἂν δέῃ Xen. Cyr. 8, 1,5, vgl. An. 6, 4,20; Thuc. 2, 4; ἄκριτον τοῖς ἐπαιτιασαμένοις παρέδωκεν ὅτι ἂν βούλωνται χρῆσϑαι Dem. 23, 27; οὗτος δὲ οὕτως ὑβριστικῶς ἡμῖν ἐχρήσατο 56, 12; auch χρῆσϑαί τινι allein, im schlimmen Sinne, Einem übel mitspielen, Xen. An. 1, 4,8; aber χρῆσϑαι τοῖς ϑεοῖς ist = die Götter zu Freunden haben, vgl. Valck. Eur. Hipp. 996. – Von fleischlicher Gemeinschaft, χρῆσϑαι γυναικί, ein Weib gebrauchen, bei einem Weibe schlafen, Her. 2, 181, vgl. Xen. Mem. 1, 2,29. 2, 1,30; τῇ ἀνϑρώπῳ Dem. 59, 67, u. Folgende. – Χρῆσϑαί τινι πρός τι, sich einer Sache wozu bedienen, auch εἴς τι, Her. 1, 34, Xen. An. 1, 4,15. 3, 4,17 u. öfter; τῇ ῥητορικῇ ἐπὶ τοῦτο Plat. Gorg. 508 b; περί τι, bei Etwas; τί χρήσομαι αὐτῷ; was soll ich mit ihm machen, anfangen? ἐχοις οὖν αὐτοῖς ὅ τι χρήσει Rep. V, 479 c; τοῖς λεγομένοις οὐχ ἕξεις ὅ τι χρῇ Euthyd. 287 b, vgl. 300 b; τί χρὴ χρῆσϑαι τοῖς περιγιγνομένοις Legg. V, 740 d; ἀλλὰ ἔχεις τι χρῆσϑαι τῷ λόγῳ Hipp. mai. 299 b; εἴ τι ἕξει τις χρήσασϑαι τῷ λόγῳ αὐτοῦ Phaed. 95 a; οὐκ ἔχουσιν ὅ, τι χρήσονται οὔτε αὐτοὶ ἑαυτοῖς οὔτε οἱ ἄλλοι ἄνϑρωποι τούτοις Gorg. 465 c; u. so ὅτι οὐκ ἔχοις ἐξελϑὼν ὅ τι χρῷο σαυτῷ Crit. 45 b; νυκτὶ χρῆσϑαι ἅπερ ἡμέρᾳ Xen. Hell. 6, 1,15; οὐκ ἔχω ὅ τι χρήσομαι τῷ ἀργυρίῳ, ich weiß nicht, was ich mit dem Gelde anfangen soll, vgl. Hemsth. Callim. Dian. 69; τί χρήσωμαι τῷ πράγματι Lys. 9, 5; οἷς οὐδὲν ἂν ἔχοι χρήσασϑαι Λακωνικὸς ἀνήρ, mit denen ein Lacedämonier Nichts anzufangen wüßte, Plat. Demod. 400 b; u. absol., ἠπόρει, ὅ τι χρήσαιτο, er wußte nicht, was er machen solle, Prot. 321 c Lys. 213 c, u. bei Folgdn überall. Man vgl. damit ϑαλάσσῃ ἤδη πλείω χρώμενοι Thuc. 1, 3, mehr, πλεῖστα χρῆσϑαι 5, 105, ἐλάχιστα 2, 11, ὀλίγα Xen. Hell. 6, 2,27, u. ähnliche allgemeine Bestimmungen. – Das perf. κέχρημαι hat Präsensbdtg = brauchen, bedürfen, nöthig haben, dah. entbehren, sich wonach sehnen, τινός, Il. 19, 262 Od. 1, 13 u. sonst, wie Hes. nur im partic. κεχρημένος; auch ohne Casus, arm, dürftig, Od. 14, 155. 17, 347, Hes. O. 319. 502; ἀπορίᾳ κεχρημένος Eur. I. A. 89; c. infin. statt des gen., Aesch. Pers. 826; νοῦ κεχρημένοι Soph. Phil. 1248. Bei Her. u. in att. Prosa aber in der gew. Bedeutung.

Griechisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch > χράω
12 μέγας

μέγας, μεγάλη, μέγα (Hom.+) comp. μείζων and beside it, because of the gradual disappearance of feeling for its comp. sense, μειζότερος 3J 4 (APF 3, 1906, 173; POxy 131, 25; BGU 368, 9; ApcSed 1:5 [cp. J 15:13]; s. B-D-F §61, 2; W-S. §11, 4; Mlt-H. 166; Gignac II 158). Superl. μέγιστος (2 Pt 1:4).

① pert. to exceeding a standard involving related objects, large, great

ⓐ of any extension in space in all directions λίθος Mt 27:60; Mk 16:4. δένδρον Lk 13:19 v.l. (TestAbr B 3 p. 107, 6 [Stone p. 62]). κλάδοι Mk 4:32. Buildings 13:2. Fish J 21:11. A mountain (Tyrtaeus [VII B.C.], Fgm. 4, 8 D.²; Ps.-Aristot., Mirabilia 138; Theopomp. [IV B.C.]: 115 Fgm. 78 Jac.) Rv 8:8. A star vs. 10. A furnace 9:2 (ParJer 6:23). A dragon (Esth 1:1e; Bel 23 Theod.) 12:3, 9. ἀετός (Ezk 17:3; ParJer 7:18 [RHarris; om. Kraft-Purintun]) vs. 14. μάχαιρα a long sword 6:4. ἅλυσις a long chain 20:1. πέλαγος AcPl Ha 7, 23 (first hand).

ⓑ with suggestion of spaciousness ἀνάγαιον a spacious room upstairs Mk 14:15; Lk 22:12. θύρα a wide door 1 Cor 16:9. A winepress Rv 14:19 (ληνός μ. ‘trough’ JosAs 2:20); χάσμα a broad chasm (2 Km 18:17) Lk 16:26. οἰκία (Jer 52:13) 2 Ti 2:20.

ⓒ with words that include the idea of number ἀγέλη μ. a large herd Mk 5:11. δεῖπνον a great banquet, w. many invited guests (Da 5:1 Theod.; JosAs 3:6) Lk 14:16. Also δοχὴ μ. (Gen 21:8) Lk 5:29; GJs 6:2.

ⓓ of age (Jos., Ant. 12, 207 μικρὸς ἢ μέγας=‘young or old’); to include all concerned μικροὶ καὶ μεγάλοι small and great (PGM 15, 18) Rv 11:18; 13:16; 19:5, 18; 20:12. μικρῷ τε καὶ μεγάλῳ Ac 26:22. ἀπὸ μικροῦ ἕως μεγάλου (Gen 19:11; 4 Km 23:2; 2 Ch 34:30; POxy 1350) 8:10; Hb 8:11 (Jer 38:34). μέγας γενόμενος when he was grown up 11:24 (Ex 2:11). ὁ μείζων the older (O. Wilck II, 144, 3 [128 A.D.]; 213, 3; 1199, 2; LXX; cp. Polyb. 18, 18, 9 Σκιπίων ὁ μέγας; 32, 12, 1) Ro 9:12; 13:2 (both Gen 25:23).

② pert. to being above average in quantity, great πορισμός a great means of gain 1 Ti 6:6. μισθαποδοσία rich reward Hb 10:35.

③ pert. to being above standard in intensity, great δύναμις Ac 4:33; 19:8 D. Esp. of sound: loud φωνή Mk 15:37; Lk 17:15; Rv 1:10; φωνῇ μεγάλῃ (LXX; TestAbr A 5 p. 82, 20f [Stone p. 12]; ParJer 2:2; ApcMos 5:21) Mt 27:46, 50; Mk 1:26; 5:7; 15:34; Lk 4:33; 8:28; 19:37; 23:23 (Φωναῖς μεγάλαις), 46; J 11:43; Ac 7:57, 60; 8:7; Rv 5:12; 6:10 al.; μεγ. φωνῇ (ParJer 5:32); Ac 14:10; 16:28; μεγ. τῇ φωνῇ (ParJer 9:8; Jos., Bell. 6, 188) 14:10 v.l.; 26:24; ἐν φωνῇ μ. Rv 5:2. μετὰ σάλπιγγος μεγάλης with a loud trumpet call Mt 24:31. κραυγή (Ex 11:6; 12:30) Lk 1:42; Ac 23:9; cp. μεῖζον κράζειν cry out all the more Mt 20:31. κοπετός (Gen 50:10) Ac 8:2.—Of natural phenomena: ἄνεμος μ. a strong wind J 6:18; Rv 6:13. λαῖλαψ μ. (Jer 32:32) Mk 4:37. βροντή (Sir 40:13) Rv 14:2. χάλαζα Rv 11:19; 16:21a. χάλαζα λίαν μ. σφόδρα AcPl Ha 5, 7. σεισμὸς μ. (Jer 10:22; Ezk 3:12; 38:19; Jos., Ant. 9, 225) Mt 8:24; 28:2; Lk 21:11a; Ac 16:26. γαλήνη μ. a deep calm Mt 8:26; Mk 4:39; φῶς μ. a bright light (JosAs 6:3; ParJer 9:18 [16]; Plut., Mor. 567f: a divine voice sounds forth from this light; Petosiris, Fgm. 7, ln. 39 τὸ ἱερὸν ἄστρον μέγα ποιοῦν φῶς) Mt 4:16a; GJs 19:2 (Is 9:1). καῦμα μ. intense heat Rv 16:9 (JosAs 3:3).—Of surprising or unpleasant events or phenomena of the most diverse kinds (ἀπώλεια Dt 7:23; θάνατος Ex 9:3; Jer 21:6; κακόν Philo, Agr. 47) σημεῖα (Dt 6:22; 29:2) Mt 24:24; Lk 21:11b; Ac 6:8. δυνάμεις 8:13. ἔργα μ. mighty deeds (cp. Judg 2:7) Rv 15:3. μείζω τούτων greater things than these J 1:50 (μείζονα v.l.); cp. 5:20; 14:12. διωγμὸς μ. a severe persecution Ac 8:1; θλῖψις μ. (a time of) great suffering (1 Macc 9:27) Mt 24:21; Ac 7:11; Rv 2:22; 7:14. πειρασμός AcPl Ha 8, 22. πληγή (Judg 15:8; 1 Km 4:10, 17 al.; TestReub 1:7; TestSim 8:4; Philo, Sacr. Abel. 134) 16:21b. θόρυβος GJs 21:1; AcPl Ha 1, 28f (restored, s. AcPlTh [Aa I 258, 6]) λιμὸς μ. (4 Km 6:25; 1 Macc 9:24) Lk 4:25; Ac 11:28; ἀνάγκη μ. Lk 21:23; πυρετὸς μ. a high fever (s. πυρετός) 4:38.—Of emotions: χαρά great joy (Jon 4:6; JosAs 3:4; 4:2 al.; Jos., Ant. 12, 91) Mt 2:10; 28:8; Lk 2:10; 24:52. φόβος great fear (X., Cyr. 4, 2, 10; Menand., Fgm. 388 Kö.; Jon 1:10, 16; 1 Macc 10:8; TestAbr B 13 p. 117, 18 [Stone p. 82]; JosAs 6:1; GrBar 7:5) Mk 4:41; Lk 2:9; 8:37; Ac 5:5, 11; AcPl Ha 3, 33. θυμὸς μ. fierce anger (1 Macc 7:35) Rv 12:12. μείζων ἀγάπη greater love J 15:13. λύπη profound (Jon 4:1; 1 Macc 6:4, 9, 13; TestJob 7:8) Ro 9:2. σκυθρωπία AcPl Ha 7, 36. πίστις firm Mt 15:28. ἔκστασις (cp. Gen 27:33; ParJer 5:8, 12) Mk 5:42.

④ pert. to being relatively superior in importance, great

ⓐ of rational entities: of God and other deities θεός (SIG 985, 34 θεοὶ μεγάλοι [LBlock, Megaloi Theoi: Roscher II 2523–28, 2536–40; SCole, Theoi Megaloi, The Cult of the Great Gods at Samothrace ’84]; 1237, 5 ὀργὴ μεγάλη τ. μεγάλου Διός; OGI 50, 7; 168, 6; 716, 1; PStras 81, 14 [115 B.C.] Ἴσιδος μεγάλης μητρὸς θεῶν; POxy 886, 1; PTebt 409, 11; 22 ὁ θεὸς μ. Σάραπις, al.; PGM 4, 155; 482; 778 and oft.; 3052 μέγ. θεὸς Σαβαώθ; 5, 474; Dt 10:17 al. in LXX; En 103:4; 104:1; Philo, Cher. 29 al.; Jos., Ant. 8, 319; SibOr 3, 19; 71 al.—Thieme 36f) Tit 2:13 (Christ is meant). Ἄρτεμις (q.v.) Ac 19:27f, 34f (cp. Ael. Aristid. 48, 21 K.=24 p. 471 D. the outcry: μέγας ὁ Ἀσκληπιός); s. New Docs 1, 106 on this epithet in ref. to deities. Simon the magician is called ἡ δύναμις τ. θεοῦ ἡ καλουμένη μεγάλη Ac 8:10b (s. δύναμις 5). The angel Michael Hs 8, 3, 3; cp. 8, 4, 1.—Of people who stand in relation to the Divinity or are otherw. in high position: ἀρχιερεύς (s. ἀρχιερεύς 2a and ἱερεύς aβ.—ἀρχ. μέγ. is also the appellation of the priest-prince of Olba [s. PECS 641f] in Cilicia: MAMA III ’31 p. 67, ins 63; 64 [I B.C.]) Hb 4:14. προφήτης (Sir 48:22) Lk 7:16. ποιμήν Hb 13:20. Gener. of rulers: οἱ μεγάλοι the great ones, those in high position Mt 20:25; Mk 10:42. Of people prominent for any reason Mt 5:19; 20:26; Mk 10:43; Lk 1:15, 32; Ac 5:36 D; 8:9 (MSmith, HWolfson Festschr., ’65, 741: μ. here and Lk 1:32 may imply a messianic claim).—μέγας in the superl. sense (2 Km 7:9.—The positive also stands for the superl., e.g. Sallust. 4 p. 6, 14, where Paris calls Aphrodite καλή=the most beautiful. Diod S 17, 70, 1 πολεμία τῶν πόλεων=the most hostile [or especially hostile] among the cities) Lk 9:48 (opp. ὁ μικρότερος).—Comp. μείζων greater of God (Ael. Aristid. 27, 3 K.=16 p. 382 D.; PGM 13, 689 ἐπικαλοῦμαί σε, τὸν πάντων μείζονα) J 14:28; Hb 6:13; 1J 3:20; 4:4. More prominent or outstanding because of certain advantages Mt 11:11; Lk 7:28; 22:26f; J 4:12; 8:53; 13:16ab; 1 Cor 14:5. More closely defined: ἰσχύϊ καὶ δυνάμει μείζων greater in power and might 2 Pt 2:11. μεῖζον τοῦ ἱεροῦ someth. greater than the temple Mt 12:6. μείζων with superl. mng. (Ps.-Apollod., Epit. 7, 8 Wagner: Ὀδυσσεὺς τρεῖς κριοὺς ὁμοῦ συνδέων … καὶ αὐτὸς τῷ μείζονι ὑποδύς; Appian, Bell. Civ. 2, 87 §366 ἐν παρασκευῇ μείζονι= in the greatest preparation; Vett. Val. 62, 24; TestJob 3:1 ἐν μείζονι φωτί) Mt 18:1, 4; 23:11; Mk 9:34; Lk 9:46; 22:24, 26.

ⓑ of things: great, sublime, important μυστήριον (GrBar 1:6; 2:6; ApcMos 34; Philo, Leg. All. 3, 100 al.; Just., A I, 27, 4) Eph 5:32; 1 Ti 3:16. Of the sabbath day that begins a festival period J 19:31; MPol 8:1b. Esp. of the day of the divine judgment (LXX; En 22:4; ApcEsdr 3:3 p. 27, 7 Tdf.; Just., D. 49, 2 al.; cp. TestAbr A 13 p. 92, 11 [Stone p. 32]) Ac 2:20 (Jo 3:4); Jd 6; Rv 6:17; 16:14. Of Paul’s superb instructional ability μ̣ε̣γάλῃ καθ̣[ηγήσει] AcPl Ha 6, 30f.—μέγας in the superl. sense (Plut., Mor. 35a w. πρῶτος; Himerius, Or. 14 [Ecl. 15], 3 μέγας=greatest, really great; B-D-F §245, 2; s. Rob. 669) ἐντολή Mt 22:36, 38. ἡμέρα ἡ μ. τῆς ἑορτῆς the great day of the festival J 7:37 (cp. Lucian, Pseudolog. 8 ἡ μεγάλη νουμηνία [at the beginning of the year]); Mel., P. 79, 579; 92, 694 ἐν τῇ μ. ἐορτῇ; GJs 1:2; 2:2 (s. deStrycker on 1:2). Of Mary’s day of parturition ὡς μεγάλη ἡ σήμερον ἡμέρα what a great day this is GJs 19:2. μείζων as comp. (Chion, Ep. 16, 8 philosophy as νόμος μείζων=higher law; Sir 10:24) J 5:36; 1J 5:9. μ. ἁμαρτία J 19:11 (cp. schol. on Pla. 189d ἁμαρτήματα μεγάλα; Ex 32:30f). τὰ χαρίσματα τὰ μείζονα the more important spiritual gifts (in the sense Paul gave the word) 1 Cor 12:31. As a superl. (Epict. 3, 24, 93; Stephan. Byz. s.v. Ὕβλαι: the largest of three cities is ἡ μείζων [followed by ἡ ἐλάττων, and finally ἡ μικρά=the smallest]. The comparative also performs the function of the superlative, e.g. Diod S 20, 22, 2, where πρεσβύτερος is the oldest of 3 men) Mt 13:32; 1 Cor 13:13 (by means of the superl. μ. Paul singles out from the triad the one quality that interests him most in this connection, just as Ael. Aristid. 45, 16 K. by means of αὐτός at the end of the θεοί singles out Sarapis, the only one that affects him).—The superl. μέγιστος, at times used by contemporary authors, occurs only once in the NT, where it is used in the elative sense very great, extraordinary (Diod S 2, 32, 1) ἐπαγγέλματα 2 Pt 1:4.—On the adv. usage Ac 26:29 s. ὀλίγος 2bβ.—Neut. pl. μεγάλα ποιεῖν τινι do great things for someone Lk 1:49 (cp. Dt 10:21). λαλεῖν μεγάλα καὶ βλασφημίας utter proud words and blasphemies Rv 13:5 (Da 7:8; cp. En 101:3). ἐποίει μεγ̣[ά]λα καὶ [θα]υ̣[μά]σ̣ι̣α̣ (Just., A I, 62, 4) (Christ) proceeded to perform great and marvelous deeds AcPl Ha 8, 33/BMM verso 6.

⑤ pert. to being unusual, surprising, neut. μέγα εἰ … θερίσομεν; is it an extraordinary thing (i.e. are we expecting too much = our colloquial ‘is it a big deal’) if we wish to reap? 1 Cor 9:11. οὐ μέγα οὖν, εἰ it is not surprising, then, if 2 Cor 11:15 (on this constr. cp. Pla., Menex. 235d; Plut., Mor. 215f; Gen 45:28; s. AFridrichsen, ConNeot 2, ’36, 46).—B. 878f; 1309. DELG. M-M. TW. Sv.

Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > μέγας
13 ἐπ-έχω

ἐπ-έχω (s. ἔχω), 1) daraufhalten, -legen; ϑρῆνυν, τῷ κεν ἐπισχοίης πόδας Il. 14, 241; Od. 17, 410; – hinhalten, darreichen, κοτύλην τις τυτϑὸν ἐπέσχεν Il. 22, 494; οἶνον Od. 16, 444; μαζὸν παιδί Il. 22, 83, wie μαστὸν νόϑοισι σοῖς ἐπέσχον Eur. Andr. 225; im med., ἐπὶ χείλεσι πρώτη μαστὸν ἐπισχομένη Euphor. Stob. fl. 78, 5; ähnlich γάλακτι δ' οὐκ ἐπέσχον οὐδὲ μαστῷ τροφεῖα ματρὸς οὐδὲ λουτρὰ χειροῖν Ion 1492; vgl. ποτῷ κρωσσόν Theocr. 13, 46; πιεῖν ἐπέσχον Ar. Nubb. 1364; absol., Pax 1133 ἐσϑίω κἀπέχω, was der Schol. »in den Mund stecken« erkl., s. auch unten med. – 2) auf Etwas loshalten, darauf hinrichten, σκοπῷ τόξον Pind. Ol. 2, 98; ἄλλῳ δ' ἐπεῖχε τόξα Eur. Herc. fur. 984, s. auch med. unten; ὀφϑαλμόν τινι, sein Auge auf Einen richten, Luc. D. Mar. 1, 2; τὴν διάνοιαν ἐπὶ μείζοσι γάμοις, animum advertere, Plat. Legg. XI, 926 b; τὴν γνώμην τῷ πολέμῳ Plut. Aemil. 8; a. Sp. – Daher mit Auslassung des Objects intrans., τί μοι ὧδ' ἐπέχεις; was gehst du so auf mich los? Od. 19, 71; vgl. ἐπὶ δ' αὐτῷ πάντες ἔχωμεν 22, 73, u. unter ἔχω. Her. ἐπεῖχε ἐπὶ Λακεδαιμονίους, er richtete sich gegen die Lacedämonier, griff sie an, 9, 59; κατά τινα, 9, 31; τὰς ἐπὶ σφίσι ναῦς ἐπεχο ύσας Thuc. 8, 105, die auf sie losfuhren; eindringen, ὄχλος τε πᾶς ἐπεῖχε Βακχῶν Eur. Bacch. 1131; ὁ δ' ἤδη τὴν ϑύραν ἐπεῖ χε κρούων Ar. Eccl. 317; Sp., ἄνδρα ἐπέχοντα Πύῤῥῳ Plut. Pyrrh. 16; πρός τι, Ant. 66; ταῖς ἀρχαῖς, den Aemtern nachjagen, Ar. Lys. 490. – Mit ausgelassenem νοῠν, Her. ἐπὶ Νάξον ἐπεῖχον στρατεύεσϑαι οἱ Πέρσαι, 6, 96, sie dachten daran, nahmen sich vor, vgl. 1, 80. 153. – 3) anhalten, zurückhalten, hemmen; ῥέεϑρα Il. 21, 144; ἐπισχὼν χρυσόνωτον ἡνίαν Soph. Ai. 834; πῶς ἐπέσχε χεῖρα μαιμῶσαν φόνου 50; μηδ' ἐπίσχωμεν τὸ πλεῖν Phil. 869; ἐπίσχες ὀργάς Eur. Hel. 1642; οὐκ ἐφέξετε στόμα; Hec. 1283; κλῄσας στόμα χρησμοὺς ἐπέσχον Phoen. 866, hielt sie zurück, verschwieg sie; καί τε καὶ αὐτοὺς ὁ στρατὸς ἐπέσχε Thuc. 4, 5; τὴν ζημίαν, aufgeben, 5, 63; Plat. verbindet ἐπέχων καὶ οὐκ ἀνιείς, Theaet. 165 d. – Τινά τινος, Einen wovon abhalten, woran hindern, ὧν ἐπισχήσω σ' ἐγώ Eur. Andr. 160; εἰ οἴεσϑε ἐπισχήσειν τοῦ ὀνειδίζειν τινὰ ὑμῖν Plat. Apol. 39 d; αὐτοὺς τῆς διώξεως Xen. Hell. 6, 5, 14; pass., τὴν φωνὴν ἐπέσχητο, sie konnte nicht reden, Plut. Brut. 15; – mit dem int. u. μή, ὅς σ' ἐπεῖχ' ἀεὶ μή τοι ϑυραίαν γ' οὖσαν αἰσχύνειν φίλους Soph. El. 507, hinderte dich, die Freunde zu beschimpfen; vgl. Phil. 342; ähnlich Thuc. σὲ μήτε νὺξ μήϑ' ἡμέρα ἐπισχέτω ὥστε ἀνεῖναι 1, 129; Xen. συμβουλεύειν ἐπισχήσομεν, wir werden es verschieben oder damit zögern, Mem. 3, 7, 10, geht ins Intraus. über. – Mit Auslassung des Objects, ἑαυτόν u. ä., intrans., an sich halten, zaudern, inne halten, verweilen, warten; Ἀντίνοος δ' ἔτ' ἐπεῖχε Od. 21, 186; ἐπίσχες, halt an, Aesch. Ch. 883 Prom. 699; ἐπίσχετον μάϑωμεν Soph. Phil. 535; ἀλλ' ἐπίσχες ἕως ἂν σκέψωμαι Plat. Charm. 165 c; μῶν ἐπισχεῖν σοι δοκῶ Ar. Pax 1042; πρὶν ἂν τελευτήσῃ ἐπισχέειν μηδὲ καλεῖν κω ὄλβιον, d. i. seine Meinung zurückhalten, Her. 1, 32; ἐπισχὼν ὀλίγον χρόνον 1, 132; Thuc. u. Folgde. Bei Antiph. 5, 73 steht es dem τὸ παράχρημα entgegen, wie Isocr. 4, 175 στρατιὰν ἐπισχεῖν dem ἐπειχϑῆναι. – So mit dem genit., ἐπίσχες τοῠ δρόμου Ar. Av. 1200; τῆς πορείας Xen. Cyr. 4, 2, 12; ἐπέσχον τοῠ λόγου Plat. Lys. 210 e; τοῠ γράφειν Phaedr. 257, sich des Schreibens enthalten, davon abstehen, wenn man nämlich schon angefangen hat; vgl. Parmen. 152 d; so ἐπισχὼν ὧν ὥρμ ηκε Dem. 14, 5 u. A. Auch περί τινος, wo etwa διαλέγεσϑαι, πράττειν u. ä. zu ergänzen, Thuc. 5, 32. 8, 5; Plut. – Eur. Phoen. 449 verbindet es mit dem partic., τάσσων ἐπ έσχον, wie Ar. Equ. 915 εἰς ἣν ἀναλῶν οὐκ ἐφέξεις. – Nach der aus Her. 1, 32 angeführten Stelle wird es bes. bei den Skeptikern der Kunstausdruck: seinen Beifall über Etwas zurückhalten, sich nicht für Etwas entscheiden, Sext. Emp., vgl. ἐφεκτικός. – 4) innehalten, bes. einen Raum, sich darüber hinerstrecken, χῶρον ἅπαντα, ὅσσον ἐπέσχε νέκυς Il. 23, 190, wie ὁπόσσον ἐπέσχε πυρὸς μένος, soweit das Feuer reichte, 238; ἑπ'ὰ δ' ἐπέσχε πέλεϑρα 21, 407; πρὸ τῆς ἐλαίης τοὺς κλάδους γῆν πᾶσαν ἐπισχεῖν Her. 7, 19; vgl. 8, 32 u. bes. 9, 31 ἐπέσχον Κορινϑίους, standen ihnen in der Schlachtordnung gegenüber. Inne haben, in seiner Gewalt haben, Thuc. 2, 101 u. öfter; δαίμονος πάντα ἐπέχοντος Xen. Conv. 8, 1; εὐχαὶ καὶ ϑυσίαι ἐπεῖχον τὴν πόλιν Pol. 3, 112, 8; κραυγὴ ἐπέχει τὴν ἐκκλησίαν D. S. 13, 87. – Ohne Casus, obwalten, die Oberhand haben, übh. statthaben; τύχην, ἣ νῠν ἐπέ χει Dem. 18, 253; ἢν μὴ λαμπρὸς ἄνεμος ἐπέχῃ Her. 2, 96 wie τῶν ἐτησίων ἐπεχόντων Pol. 5, 5, 6; vgl. Plat. Sert. 17, ἐπεὶ σκότος ἐπέσχεν Mar. 20. Vgl. noch σεισμοὶ ἐπὶ πλεῖστον μέρος γῆς καὶ ἰσχυρότατοι ἐπέσχον Thuc. 1, 23, wie D. Cass. 68, 25 ἐπ ὶ πλείο υς ἡμέρας ὁ σεισμὸς ἐπεῖχεν. Aber Her. 4, 199 ist ἐπ' ὀκτὼ μῆνας Κυρηναίο υς ἐπέχει zugleich »er beschäftigt sie«. – Bei Hes. Th. 177 steht das med. in der Bdtg »sich hinerstrecken«; – ἐπισχόμενος βάλεν ἰῷ, sich danach hinrichtend, d. i. darauf zielend, Od. 22, 15; φάσγανα, sein Schwert auf Jem. richten, Ap. Rh. 2, 274; χειρὸς ἐπ ισχόμενος, sich an der Hand haltend, 4, 751, vgl. 1609; ἐπισχόμενος δέπας ἀμφοτέρῃσι πῖνε 1, 472, an senen Mund halten, wie Plat. Phaed. 117 c; aber Conv. 216 a ἐπισχόμενος τὰ ὦτα = sich die Ohren zuhalten; vgl. Plut. Pomp. 55. – Bei Thu. 7, 33 ist ἐπέσχοντο v. l. für ἐπέσχον τό; an sich halten, zögern, ἐπείχετο κατὰ τοὺς Ἀϑηναίο υς Pol. 30, 17 E.

Griechisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch > ἐπ-έχω
14 χράω

χράω, (1) eigtl. die Oberfläche streifen, ritzen, leicht verwunden, daher überh. verletzen, plagen, angreifen; τίπτε σὸς υἱὸς ἐμὸν ῥόον ἔχραε κήδειν sagt der Flußgott in Bezug auf den Hephästus, der seine Fluten angreift, um ihn zu beschädigen; τόδε δῶμα ἐχράετ' ἐσϑιέμεν καὶ πινέμεν, ihr fielet über das Haus her, um zu essen; mit dem dat. der Person: auf einen losstürzen, ihm Unglück bringen, Schaden zufügen; (2) das Nötige, Erforderliche darreichen, geben, als Geschenk erteilen; von den Göttern und ihren Orakeln: eine Antwort geben, einen Ausspruch tun, einen Götterspruch erteilen oder verkündigen; ἱρέα χρῆσεν, die Priesterin verkündete das Orakel; τινί, einem ein Orakel erteilen; χρήσω βουλὴν Διὸς ἀνϑρώποισιν, ich will Zeus' Ratschluß den Menschen verkünden; (a) pass., ἐχρήσϑην, vom Orakel ausgesprochen, verkündet werden; τὸ χρησϑέν, der erteilte Orakelspruch; τινός, über eine Sache; ἐχρήσϑησαν αἱ νέες, die Schiffe waren vom Orakel angedeutet, gemeint; (b) med., sich von einem Gotte oder einem Orakel eine Antwort erteilen lassen, dah. einen Gott od. ein Orakel befragen, sich einen göttlichen Bescheid einholen; χρᾶσϑαι περί τινος, sich über etwas ein Orakel einholen; mit dem dat. des Gottes od. Orakels, bei dem man anfragt, sich von einem Gotte od. Orakel Rat od. Bescheid holen; (3) med., sich geben, darreichen lassen, dah. haben, gew. gebrauchen, sich bedienen, benutzen, genießen, c. dat. der Sache, deren man sich bedient, die man braucht; übertr., φρεσὶ γὰρ κέχρητ' ἀγαϑῇσιν, besaß guten od. klugen Sinn und machte davon bei seinem Handeln Gebrauch; ἐμοί γε χρώμενος διδασκάλῳ, mich zum Lehrer habend; ὀργῇ χρωμένη, im Zorn, von Zorn aufgeregt; ἀληϑεῖ λόγῳ, ἀληϑείᾳ χρῆσϑαι, sich wahrhafter Rede, der Wahrheit bedienen, die Wahrheit reden; λόγοις βραχυτέροις καὶ φωνῇ ἡσυχαιτέρᾳ χρ., mit kürzeren Worten und ruhigerer Stimme reden; βοῇ καὶ κραυγῇ χρ., ein Geschrei erheben, schreien; συμφορᾷ, συντυχίᾳ, εὐτυχίᾳ χρῆσϑαι, sich in einer Glückslage befinden, Glück haben, glücklich sein; μόρῳ, sterben; ὁμολογίᾳ, übereinstimmen; ὠνῇ καὶ πράσει χρῆσϑαι, kaufen und verkaufen; νιφετῷ χρῆσϑαι, mit Schnee zu tun haben, vom Schnee leiden; ϑείῃ πομπῇ χρησάμενος, unter göttlichem Geleit; χειμῶνι χρ., Stürme ausstehen; ναυαγίῳ χρῆσϑαι, Schiffbruch leiden. Bes. auch von einer Kunst, einer Wissenschaft, oder einem Handwerke Anwendung machen, im Ggstz der Theorie; ὁ τὴν ἰατρικὴν κεκτημένος der sich im Besitze der theoretischen Heilkunde befindet; ὁ τῇ ἰατρικῇ χρώμενος der die Heilkunde praktisch ausübt, oder der Kranke, der seine Zuflucht zu ihr nimmt; τέχνῃ, das Handwerk treiben; ἐὰν ὁ ῥήτωρ τῇ ῥητορικῇ ἀδίκως χρῆται, wenn er eine ungerechte Anwendung macht; ϑαλάσσῃ χρ., = beschiffen; ταῖς τέχναις ταύταις παραπετάσμασιν ἐχρήσαντο, sie brauchten die Künste zum Vorwande; bes. von Personen: mit einem Umgang oder Verkehr haben; einem gut oder übel begegnen, ihn so oder so behandeln; χρῆσϑαί τινι ὡς ἀνδρὶ ψεύστῃ, mit einem wie mit einem Lügner umgehen, ihn wie einen Lügner behandeln; χρῆσϑαί τινι ὡς φίλῳ, auch φιλικῶς χρῆσϑαί τινι, einen als seinen Freund behandeln, u. χρῆσϑαί τινι ὡς πολεμίῳ, einem als einem Feinde begegnen, ; χρῆσϑαί τινι πολεμίῳ, = einen als einen Feind kennen lernen, zum Feinde haben. Dah. παρέχειν ἑαυτὸν χρῆσϑαι ὅ τί τις βούλεται, einen mit sich machen lassen, was er will, = sich ihm unbedingt, auf Gnade und Ungnade ergeben; χρῆσϑαί τινι allein, im schlimmen Sinne, einem übel mitspielen; χρῆσϑαι τοῖς ϑεοῖς, = die Götter zu Freunden haben. Von fleischlicher Gemeinschaft, χρῆσϑαι γυναικί, ein Weib gebrauchen, bei einem Weibe schlafen. Χρῆσϑαί τινι πρός τι, sich einer Sache wozu bedienen; περί τι, bei etwas; τί χρήσομαι αὐτῷ; was soll ich mit ihm machen, anfangen?; οὐκ ἔχω ὅ τι χρήσομαι τῷ ἀργυρίῳ, ich weiß nicht, was ich mit dem Gelde anfangen soll; οἷς οὐδὲν ἂν ἔχοι χρήσασϑαι Λακωνικὸς ἀνήρ, mit denen ein Lacedämonier nichts anzufangen wüßte; absol., ἠπόρει, ὅ τι χρήσαιτο, er wußte nicht, was er machen solle; perf. κέχρημαι, = brauchen, bedürfen, nötig haben, dah. entbehren, sich wonach sehnen; ohne Casus: arm, dürftig

Wörterbuch altgriechisch-deutsch > χράω
15 συρρήγνυμι

συρρήγνῡμι, [tense] fut. - ρήξω: [tense] pf. [voice] Pass. - έρρηγμαι: [tense] aor. [voice] Pass. - ερράγην [ᾰ]: intr. [tense] pf. 2 - έρρωγα:

I trans., break in pieces, τὴν κεφαλήν Plu.Tim.34
:—[voice] Pass., κακοῖσι συνέρρηκται he is broken down by sufferings, Od.8.137.

2 unite by breaking partitions, τὸ γὰρ ἄστυ μίαν οἴκησίν φημι ποιήσειν συρρήξασ' εἰς ἓν ἅπαντα Ar.Ec. 674
(anap.): intr., of rivers, ποταμοὶ καὶ ἄλλοι καὶ Ὕλλος συρρηγνῦσι ἐς τὸν Ἕρμον break into the Hermus, join it, Hdt.1.80:—[voice] Pass., of sores, run together, pass into one another, κίνδυνος ἂν εἴν συρραγῆναι τὰς ὠτειλάς Hp.Art.11
; so, of ducts in the body, τὸ ἐξωτάτω τρῆμα συνερρωγὸς εἰς ταὐτό Arist.HA 497a25
; of internal ruptures, Diocl. Fr.79, Erasistr. ap. Gal.8.318.

II dash together: metaph., σ. πόλεμον cause war to break out, Plu.2.1049d:—[voice] Pass., ὁ πόλεμος ξυνερρώγει Th.1.66
, cf. J.BJ1.19.1, D.C.38.47; πολέμου συρραγέντος Plu.2.322b
; κραυγὴ συνερρήγνυτο Id.Arat.21
; πότου νεανικοῦ συρραγέντος Id.Alex. 50
; also συνερρωγότων.. αὐτῶν ἐς τὸν πόλεμον D.C.48.28
.

2 [voice] Pass., meet in battle, engage, αἱ δυνάμεις συνερράγησαν Plu.Sull.18
, cf. Caes. 45; τινι or πρός τινα, Id.Mar.26 (where συρράξεως follows), D.C. 40.17: generally, clash together, δύο σωμάτων συρραγέντων Plot.4.5.5
; collide, of ships, J.BJ3.9.3: metaph., ἐθνῶν ἔθνεσι συρραγέντων ib. Prooem.1.

Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > συρρήγνυμι
16 ὀλολυγή

ὀλολῡγ-ή, ἡ, (ὀλολύζω) any

A loud cry, esp. of women invoking a god, αἱ δ' ὀλολυγῇ πᾶσαι Ἀθήνῃ χεῖρας ἀνέσχον Il.6.301
, cf. h.Ven.19 (pl.), Ar.Lys. 240 ; δοκέει ἔμοιγε καὶ <ἡ> ὀ. ἐπὶ ἱροῖσι ἐνταῦθα πρῶτον γενέσθαι Hdt.4.189
; θεία μακάρων ὀ. Ar.Av. 222
; κραυγῇ τε καὶ ὀ. χρωμένων, of the alarm given in the attack on Plataea, Th.2.4.—Mostly in good sense, sts. even opp. to a wailing cry, ἀντίμολπον ἧκεν ὀλολυγῆς μέγαν κωκυτόν E.Med. 1176
; σύν τ' εὐαγορίᾳ σύν τ' εὔγμασι σύν τ' ὀλολυγαῖς Call.Lav.Pall. 139
.

Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ὀλολυγή
17 κατα-πληκτικός

κατα-πληκτικός, ή, όν, zum Niederschlagen, Erschrecken geeignet; προςβολή Pol. 3, 13, 6; κραυγή 11, 16, 2 u. öfter; in Furcht u. Staunen setzend, εὐπρόςωπος οὖσα καὶ καταπληκτική Macho bei Ath. XIII, 578 c; Bewunderung erregend, Pol. 4, 28, 6; ὄψις Plut. Lyc. 22 (vgl. φοβερός). – Adv., καταπληκτικῶς πολεμεῖν, λέγειν, Pol. 3, 41, 3. 4, 85, 2.

Griechisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch > κατα-πληκτικός
18 ἐπι-πολαστικός

ἐπι-πολαστικός, ή, όν, obenaufschwimmend, emporkommend, von unverdaulichen Speisen, Arist. probl. 3, 18. 21 u. öfter; Ath. II, 54 a; Medic. – Adv. ἐπιπολαστικῶς, übermäßig, καὶ κατακόρως χρώμενοι τῇ κραυγῇ Pol. 4, 12, 9.

Griechisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch > ἐπι-πολαστικός
19 κατάκορος

κατάκορος, ον,

A = κατακορής, Poll.5.151, Thom.Mag.p.105 R.; κ. Χρῆσις ἀφροδισίων Steph.in Gal.1.239
D.:—in Adv., of colours, deeply, κ. μέλας Gp.16.2.1
.

II metaph., immoderate, κ. καὶ περίεργοι ἱερουργίαι Plu.Alex.2
. Adv. - ρως, to excess, ᾧ -κόρως Χρῶνται οἱ λογογράφοι Arist.Rh. 1408a33
; τῇ τύχῃ κ. Χρώμενος Decr. ap. D.18.182, cf. Plu.Cic.5; κ. Χρώμενοι τῇ κραυγῇ Plb.4.12.9
, cf. Phld.Rh.1.157, 366S., Dsc.2.52, lamb.Protr.21.κ.

Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > κατάκορος
20 καταπληκτικός

κατα-πληκτικός, ή, όν,

A striking, astonishing, εὐπρόσωπος καὶ κ. Macho ap.Ath.13.578c; εὐπρέπεια κ. Phld.Hom.p.58O.; terrible, προσβολαί Plb.3.13.6
; πρόσοψις, διήγησις, κραυγή, Id.3.114.4, 4.28.6, 11.16.2; τὰ εἰς πόλεμον κ. D.S.2.16; but expressly opp. φοβερός in Muson.Fr.33p.122H. (nisi leg. καταλλακτικός). Adv. - κῶς Plb.3.41.3
, D.S.3.35, etc.

Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > καταπληκτικός

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κραυγή — η (AM κραυγή) 1. έναρθρη ή, συνηθέστερα, άναρθρη δυνατή φωνή (α. «μόλις άκουσε τις κραυγές της, έτρεξε να δει τι συμβαίνει» β. «καὶ τῶν οἰκετῶν ἅμα ἀπὸ τῶν οἰκιῶν κραυγῆ τε καὶ ὀλολυγῆ χρωμένων», Θουκ. γ. «ζητεῑν τοὺς τοιούτους ἀνθρώπους… … Dictionary of Greek
Ελλάδα - Γραμματεία και Λογοτεχνία — ΑΡΧΑΙΑ ΕΛΛΗΝΙΚΗ ΙΣΤΟΡΙΟΓΡΑΦΙΑ H λέξη ιστορία συνδέεται ετυμολογικά με τη ρίζα Fιδ , η οποία σημαίνει «βλέπω», και υπό αυτή την έννοια ιστορία είναι η αφήγηση που προκύπτει από έρευνα βασισμένη στην προσωπική παρατήρηση. Τα κείμενα των αρχαίων… … Dictionary of Greek
χάσκω — ΝΜΑ 1. ανοίγω πολύ το στόμα μου, μένω ή κοιτάζω με το στόμα ανοιχτό 2. σχηματίζω άνοιγμα, χαίνω 3. ανοίγω το στόμα λόγω κόπωσης, ανίας ή έλλειψης προσοχής, χαζεύω 4. (η μτχ. παρακμ. ως επίθ.) κεχηνώς, υία, ός βλ. χαίνω μσν. (για καρπούς) σχάζομαι … Dictionary of Greek
βοή — και βουή, η (AM βοή, Α και βοά, δωρ. τ.) 1. δυνατή φωνή, δυνατός ήχος 2. κραυγή, ιδίως θρηνητική 3. συγκεχυμένος θόρυβος 4. υπόκωφος, βαρύς ήχος 5. ο ήχος των κυμάτων νεοελλ. 1. βόμβος, βούισμα 2. δυσφήμηση 3. (σε κατάρα) ξαφνικό κακό αρχ. 1.… … Dictionary of Greek
μουγκρητό — και μουγγρητό, το 1. η ενέργεια και το αποτέλεσμα τού μουγκρίζω, κραυγή θηρίου ή κατοικίδιου ζώου και ιδίως βοδιού ή αγελάδας, μυκηθμός, μουκάνισμα 2. (για πρόσωπα) γοερή και σπαρακτική κραυγή πόνου, ούρλιασμα, οιμωγή 3. (για τη θάλασσα) βοή,… … Dictionary of Greek
ούρλιασμα — και ουρλιαχτό, το [ουρλιάζω] 1. η χαρακτηριστική μακρόσυρτη κραυγή ζώου, σκούξιμο 2. μτφ. (για πρόσ.) άναρθρη κραυγή … Dictionary of Greek
κοκκύτης — και κοκίτης, ο ιατρ. οξεία και εξαιρετικά μεταδοτική νόσος τού αναπνευστικού συστήματος, η οποία, στην τυπική της μορφή, χαρακτηρίζεται από παροξυσμούς βήχα που συνοδεύονται από παρατεταμένη εισπνοή εισπνευστικό συριγμό και τελειώνουν με την… … Dictionary of Greek
κουκουβίζω — και κουκουβιάζω 1. (για πτηνά) κουρνιάζω («σαν περιστέρες... κι εκεί που παν να φυλαχτού τρέμουν και κουκουβίσου», Ερωτόκρ.) 2. (για πρόσ.) κάθομαι οκλαδόν. [ΕΤΥΜΟΛ. Ηχομιμητική λ. από την κραυγή τών πτηνών ή < κουκούβα < λατ. cucuba… … Dictionary of Greek
αγριομουγκάλισμα — και αγριομουγκάνισμα, το [αγριομουγκαλίζω] άγρια, δυνατή κραυγή σαν μυκηθμός βοδιού … Dictionary of Greek
ανακραξιά — και ανάκραξη, η [ανακράζω] κραυγή, ξεφωνητό … Dictionary of Greek
σαλάγη — και σαλαγή, ἡ, Α (κατά τον Ησύχ.) θόρυβος, κραυγή, βοή. [ΕΤΥΜΟΛ. Υποχωρητ. σχηματισμός από το ρ. σαλαγῶ] … Dictionary of Greek

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